VESTNIK 2 (30) 2022
- Title:
- VESTNIK 2 (30) 2022
- Number:
- 2
- Year:
- 2022
- Date publication on the site:
- 2022-08-01 10:03:29
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 12
Effectiveness of “Provetexˮ concentrates in feeding lactating cows
UDC: 636.084: 637
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Firaya K. Akhmetzyanova; Aliya R. Kashaeva; Sergey Yu. Smolentsev;
Introduction. New approaches to the normalized feeding of ruminants require improving the quality of protein by optimizing split and non-split fractions in the diets. In this regard, protein-vitamin-mineral concentrates for stimulating the synthesis of microbial protein in the rumen, as a source of undetectable protein, prepared on the basis of extrusion processing of components under certain extrusion modes, are of particular interest. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of introducing innovative “Provetex” concentrates as part of protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate into the diets of lactating cows. The scientific and economic experiment was conducted in the conditions of the peasant farm “Mukhametshin Z. Z.ˮ of the Sabinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan on lactating cows for the first 100 days of lactation. 40 heads of cows were selected for the experiment and, according to the principle of groups of analogues, taking into account live weight, degree of fatness, daily milk yields, they were divided into 2 groups: experimental and control. All experi-mental animals were in the same conditions on a leash, with strict observance of the daily routine. The experience consisted of two periods: preparatory and accounting. During the accounting period, the cows of the experimental group received the same diet as the control animals, with the difference only in the composition of concentrates, in which part of sunflower cake (1.3 kg) and “Belkoff ML” concentrate (SP 38 %) (1 kg) was replaced by PVMC – 2.0 kg. The introduction of PVMC with innovative “Provetex K” and “Provetex R” concentrates into the diets of lactating cows optimizes the quantitative and qualitative composition of feed protein, contributes to an increase in milk productivity by 6.2 %, and reduces feed costs by 6.6 %. The cost of additional milk received from one cow per day was 45.00 rubles. Net income minus the costs of purchasing and distributing the concentrate under study is 33.60 rubles, respectively. The economic efficiency per 1 rub of additional costs is 4.27 rub.
Features of bee venom collection on apiaries using the “Muksh 7ˮ bee venom collection system
UDC: 638.8
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Boris F. Lavrentiev;
Introduction. Bee venom is a product of the poisonous glands of bees. It is of great value to the pharmaceutical industry for creating a whole series of drugs. The bee venom obtained along with honey can significantly increase the profitability of beekeeping. The venom productivity of bees largely depends on the physiological state of bee colonies, namely, on the number of flying bees, the age of the bees, the activity of the queen bee, etc. In addition, the venom productivity and biological activity of bees depends on the intensity of irritating signals, the location of the venom receivers in the hive, the design of the poison receivers, the time of poison col-lection, the season of work, and so on. The purpose of the article is to develop a technological process for col-lecting bee venom in apiaries and formulate the basic requirements for venom receivers using the “Muksh 7” bee venom collection system. In accordance with this, it is recommended to collect venom from May to the second half of September with a period of 20−25 days, four to five times a day, namely: from 5.00 to 8.00 and from 18.00 to 23.00. At the same time, up to 25−30 hives can be served during the day, and the entire apiary, if there are 150 hives, in 5−6 days. Considering that the poison is collected again after 20−25 days, one poison collection system can serve 2−3 apiaries. In the conclusion of the article, it is noted that with a poisoning productivity of 2−4 grams of poison from a hive per season, you can get up to 500 grams of bee venom from an apiary, which at a price of 1000 rubles per gram will provide additional profit of about 500,000 rubles from one apiary.
Veterinary and sanitary assessment of meat quality when using the feed additive “Vigoton” for the prevention of toxic liver dystrophy of piglets
UDC: 637.5.04
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergey Yu. Smolentsev;
Introduction. Currently, pig farming plays one of the decisive roles in providing the country's population with food, since pigs are one of the most precocious animals. Meanwhile, a significant problem in pig breeding complexes is the high incidence of young animals. Moreover, diseases of the digestive system occupy a leading position. These diseases are, as a rule, polyetiological in nature, and the development of the pathological process can begin in different ways and depends on a combination of etiological factors. They are often massive in nature and cause great economic damage to farms. The most common is toxic liver dystrophy (hepatitis). In large industrial pig breeding complexes, this disease is observed throughout the year and is often combined with the pathology of other organs and systems, leads to the death of piglets and causes great economic damage. The purpose of the
research was to study the effect of the new feed additive “Vigoton” on veterinary and sanitary indicators of meat quality in the prevention of toxic liver dystrophy of piglets. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted at a pig breeding complex for 80 weaned animals. 4 groups of piglets were formed. In the first group there were piglets clinically ill with toxic liver dystrophy without the use of drugs. The second group is represented by patients with toxic dystrophy who received the feed additive “Vigoton”, at the rate of 0.5 kg per 1 ton of feed. The third group was represented by healthy piglets without the use of any drugs. The fourth group of clinically healthy animals received the additive “Vigoton”. As a result of the conducted experience, it was found that the entire range of analyses aimed at studying the veterinary and sanitary characteristics of meat, when used for preventive and therapeutic purposes of toxic liver dystrophy of the feed additive “Vigoton” indicates that its use does not entail negative consequences expressed in the quality and safety of products. Conclusion. In the process of using this feed additive, an increase in the quality indicators of meat obtained after animal slaughter was noted.
The effectiveness of probiotic use in the breeding of quails of the meat direction of productivity
UDC: 636.59.085
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergey Yu. Smolentsev; Irina I. Strelnikova; Nadezhda A. Kislitsyna ;
Introduction. The problem of production of farm animals and poultry products in all countries of the world is very relevant today, since in recent decades the increase in population has stimulated an increase in the production of animal products. Poultry farming all over the world, including in Russia, is the most intensively developing branch of agriculture and occupies an important place in the total volume of food production of ani-mal origin. The main feeds for birds are grain-forage crops, such as wheat, corn and barley, which make up to 70 % of the weight of compound feeds. The purpose of the study. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to find the effectiveness of the use of the new probiotic “Probiolacˮduring different periods of quail ontogenesis. Mate-rial and methods. For this purpose, 5 groups of quails, 10 heads each, were formed. The first group served as
a control and was kept on a regular diet. The second group received probiotic “Probiolac” at a dose of 0.2 % per unit of feed for 5 weeks, the third group received probiotic up to 4 weeks of age, the fourth group received pro-biotic up to 2 weeks of age and the fifth group received probiotic “Probiolacˮ for 1 week. Such indicators as the dynamics of live weight, safety, digestibility and digestibility of feed nutrients (protein, fat and fiber) were stud-ied. Research results, discussion. The analysis of live weight dynamics showed that on day 42, the body weight of quails in the 1st experimental group was 4.8 % higher compared to the control, in the second group − 5.5 %, in the third − 3.9 %, and in the fourth −3.7 %, respectively. The safety in the experimental groups was 100 %, in the control group 94 %. The addition of a probiotic to the diet of quails has reduced the need for feed. The balance experiment showed that the experimental groups showed an increase in the coefficient of digestibility of feed nutrients. Conclusion. Based on the experimental data obtained, it can be argued that in order to increase the productivity and safety of quail population, stimulate the metabolic processes of the poultry body by activating the enzymatic activity of intestinal bacteria, it is necessary to use a three-strain probiotic for at least the first two weeks of life.
Barley yield depending on agricultural technologies on sod-podzolic soil of the Republic of Mari El
UDC: 633.16:631.51: 632.93
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Hoang Tuan An; Olga G. Maryina-Chermnykh;
Introduction. Today, for the agrarians of the Republic of Mari El, an important task is the cultivation of environmentally safe crop production, where barley occupies the fourth place (after rice, wheat, corn) and rep-resents an important food, technical and fodder crop. The deterioration of the phytosanitary condition of grain agrocenoses due to changes in their structure and the introduction of new tiilage technologies, led to a decrease not only in grain quality, but also in yields, as well as to the growth of phyto-pathogenic mycobiota in the soil and on plants. Therefore, at present it is necessary, first of all, to direct all elements of agrotechnical measures to ensure the reduction of the soil infectious background, increase humus and crop yield stability. The purpose of the article is to identify the elements of agricultural technologies to increase the spring barley yields in the condi-tions of the Republic of Mari El. Materials and methods. The research was conducted in 2019−2021 in the con-ditions of field experience at the Mari State University. The soil of the site was sod-podzolic medium loamy, the task was to assess the productivity of spring barley with different elements of agricultural technologies. In the experiments, the following was determined: the yield (the method of direct harvesting, by plots) and mathemati-cal data processing (the method of dispersion). The results of the discussion. The use of mulch, tillage and bio-logical protection agents has a positive effect on the yield of barley. The highest yield on average for 3 years was on the variant of the experiment with the use of straw mulch and soil disking (2.85 t/ha) and on the variant with seed treatment with Biagro-Gum-B (2.79 t/ha) and crop treatment with Pseudobacterin-2 (2.64 t/ha), an increase in grain yield growth compared with the control was 26.7% and 14.8 % respectively. Conclusion. When cultivating barley in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El on sod-podzolic soil, the use of straw mulch with soil disking and complex plant protection with biological preparations increases the yield by 1.15−1.3 times.
Study the effectiveness of zeolite and microwave treatment of grain affected by mycotoxins on white rats
UDC: 619:591.1:549.67:664.7
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Leysan F. Yakupova; Рapunidi Ellada K.; Sergey Yu. Smolentsev;
Introduction. The problem of mycotoxicosis of animals is a feature of intensive animal husbandry and feed production. Currently, there is a wide range of ways to reduce the content of mycotoxins in grain, including ultra-high-frequency processing (microwave). Purpose: to study the effect of grain containing mycotoxins and subjected to microwave treatment, in order to reduce the mycotoxicological load of feed, in combination with zeolite and separately on the body of laboratory animals. Materials and methods. In the experiment, 60 female white Wistar rats were used, divided into 6 groups of 10 individuals each. Of the six groups of experimental an-imals, three were control animals: the 1st – control group − received a basic diet consisting of barley grain at the rate of 30 g per animal; the 2nd − positive control group, which received zeolite in the amount of 3 % of the main diet, and the 3rd – negative control group, which received feed containing T-2 toxin and ochratoxin A
in the amount of 0.1 and 0.053 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, there were 3 experimental groups of animals: the 4th group received toxic feed subjected to microwave treatment at a frequency of 915 GHz and a power of
50 kW for 90 seconds, the 5th experimental group received feed containing mycotoxins and zeolite in an amount of 3 % of the basic diet and the 6th experimental group received feed containing mycotoxins and subjected to microwave treatment, and zeolite in an amount of 3 %. The experiment lasted 30 days. Research results, discussion. The results obtained indicate that microwave treatment of toxic grain and its feeding alone and in combination with zeolite reduces the toxic effect of toxins contained in feed. Conclusions. Microwave treatment of toxic grain and its feeding separately and in combination with zeolite to laboratory animals contributes to the preservation of live weight gain and positively affects the hematological parameters of laboratory animals.
Factors influencing the further development of the world economy
UDC: 336/08.00.14
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Emin A. Guliyev;
Relevance. Global risk factors affecting the development of the world economy and the economies of individual countries that are an integral part of it have existed at all times. Risk reduction makes it possible to identify potential opportunities, which creates conditions for economic growth. Experts note the ambiguity of the prospects for the development of the world economy and the economies of individual countries. Rising debt
levels, rising interest rates, reduced investment, currency fluctuations and the like put pressure on the global economy and contribute to deepening poverty. The purpose of the research is to study the current state of the world economy, the economic growth rates of multinational companies and the risks that, in this context, await the economies of the world in the future. The objectives of the study are the assessment of the current situation using statistical data, as well as determining ways out by analyzing future risks. Methodology. The methodologi-cal basis of the study is a systematic and fact-based analysis. At the same time, the principles of the general concept of equilibrium, welfare economics and growth theory were taken into account in the study. Research re-sults. The creation of new financial resources to ensure economic development and eliminate the factors that generate poverty will ensure the satisfaction of basic needs necessary for the resumption of economic growth. However, this simultaneously leads to an increase in public debt. Reducing the risks to the economy in condi-tions of sharp inflation, rising prices and the expansion of the shadow economy will create conditions for further development. Conclusions. For this purpose, the policy of supporting growth rates in the short term, associated with an increase in production volumes and the elimination of negative factors is of particular importance. In order to achieve positive dynamics, it is inevitable to take the necessary measures in the main areas.
Software solution for accounting of settlements with suppliers and customers: accounting risks
UDC: 657
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Anastasiya M. Mukhametgalieva; Maria V. Stafievskaya;
Introduction. The correct organization of settlement operations ensures the stability of the turnover of the organization's funds, the strengthening of contractual and settlement discipline in it, as well as its financial condition. The quality, reliability and timeliness of providing information are important when performing settle-ment operations. In a highly competitive environment, commercial organizations are interested in long-term co-operation with their suppliers and customers. To do this, it is important to create certain conditions at the enter-prise: automate accounting using the latest tools, control the maintenance of primary documentation, continuously analyze receivables and payables, and implement measures to attract new counterparties. This is the relevance of the research topic. The purpose of the article is to study the characteristics of the problem of accounting for settlements with suppliers and customers associated with the use of a software solution in order to minimize accounting risks. Research methods are logical analysis, monographic, method of induction and de-duction. Research results, discussion. The object of the study was the activity of an operating enterprise of the Republic of Mari El, specializing in printing services. The subject was the study of a software solution for
accounting of settlements with suppliers and customers. The article substantiates the need to use new technolo-gies for accounting of service enterprises. Practical recommendations for control and minimization of accounts payable are given. The accounting tools for accounting settlements with suppliers and customers were improved. The economic efficiency of the introduction of new technologies was proven. Directions for the introduction of new criteria for cooperation with contractors were proposed. Appropriate conclusions about the conducted research were made. Conclusion. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the considered theoretical, methodological and practical aspects can be used in the activities of any economic entity in the service sector.
Functioning of the innovation and consulting infrastructure in the agro-industrial complex
UDC: 338.433.4
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Matvey S. Oborin;
Introduction. The article is devoted to the assessment of the existing level of development of the information and consulting system in the agro-industrial complex. The relevance of the coverage of methodological issues is due to the current level of development of information and consulting services in the regions, the speed and scale of the expansion of the Internet space, the existing domestic experience in introducing innovations and the need for the implementation of state policy in the agricultural sector. In the context of increasing the level of competitiveness of the company, it is necessary to introduce an innovative process on a sustainable basis of controlling various factors of the external and internal environment. The article reveals the importance and role of innovation and consulting infrastructure in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of agricultural consulting and its impact on the development of agricultural production. Materials and methods. Various types of information and consulting activities in agri-culture are considered, the tasks, goals, principles of functioning of information and consulting centers in the de-velopment of the agro-industrial complex are analyzed. The method of system analysis, methods of cognition of economic processes through modeling and comparison are used in the work. Research results, discussions. The analysis of literature sources revealing the economic essence and features of the provision of information and consulting services in agricultural activities within the framework of the provision of information and consulting services is carried out. The process of providing consulting services is considered. The works of agricultural specialists devoted to agricultural consulting, its essence, including the works of foreign authors, are studied. The article presents the main directions of agricultural consulting. Conclusion. The article substantiates and characterizes the main components of information and consulting centers as an economic and organizational mechanism, taking into account the application of innovative directions. Proposals are made to improve the innovation and consulting infrastructure in the agro-industrial sector in order to increase the efficiency of providing information and consulting services, increase the level of knowledge of the rural population, the personnel of agricultural producers, popularize information about innovations, modern developments and effective interaction of
agricultural entities, the state and scientific institutions.
Regional market of milk and dairy products: trends, factors and directions of development
UDC: 339.138:637.12/14
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Yulia V. Reshetkina; Olga A. Stolyarova; Svetlana N. Alekseeva; Alexander A. Ivanov;
Introduction. The problem of providing the population with milk and dairy products remains relevant today. The purpose of the article is to analyze the market for milk and dairy products in the Penza region, the main problems of its development and to propose the main directions of functioning. Research methods are monographic, economic-statistical, abstract-logical, balance, method of analysis. The authors analyzed the de-gree of self-sufficiency of the region in milk and dairy products, and also considered a number of reasons that have a negative impact on the development of the market for milk and dairy products. Among them, one can
single out: a reduction in the number of cows in agricultural organizations and personal subsidiary plots of the population, the absence of mutually beneficial relations between agricultural commodity producers of raw milk and processing organizations, a decrease in the purchasing power of the population, etc. In the course of the study, an analysis was made of the provision of milk processing enterprises with raw materials. The idea is
argued that in order to satisfy the population with a sufficient volume of dairy products, it is necessary to achieve a correspondence between the production volumes of raw milk and the production capacities of processing
enterprises. According to the authors, in order to increase the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding, economically significant federal and regional programs for the development of this industry should be implemented. In the Penza region, dairy cattle breeding should be investment-attractive, and for this, modern large closed-cycle dairy complexes are being built in the region thanks to “Rusmolco”. Such dairy complexes not only increase gross milk production, but also create conditions for the primary processing of milk, which improves the quality of raw materials. Processing enterprises of the region, in conditions of high competition, are expanding the range of final products produced to maintain their positions in the market of milk and dairy products. In the Penza region, a large processing enterprise is OJSC “Penzensky Dairy Plant”. Conclusion. The authors made a conclusion about the improvement of pricing for raw materials sold. Processing enterprises should purchase raw milk at prices conducive to increasing the profitability of the commodity producer and ensure the level of profitability of milk production at the level of 55−60 %.
Control activities of tax authorities in the Republic of Mari El in 2019−2021 in the context of the concept of openness
UDC: 332
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Ramziya K. Shakirova;
Introduction. The era of the information society places high demands on the completeness and quality of available information. Solving problems related to the effective development of the state and society requires the formation of management models based on the active participation of civil society and the use of public control mechanisms. The improvement of models for the implementation of state functions in developed countries is based on ensuring the interests and needs of citizens, on the interaction of different subjects of society and on the growth of the volume of available and high-quality information. To get rid of nihilism in the field of tax relations, these measures are especially relevant. The purpose of this study is to assess the results of the control activities of the tax authorities in the Republic of Mari El for the period from 2019 to 2021 in the context of openness of the data of the Federal Tax Service of Russia. Materials and methods. The work uses a classic set of general scientific methods of scientific research, including methods of formal logic and economic-statistical methods. The basis for the study was the data of statistical reporting of the Federal Tax Service. Results, discussion. According to the reporting data of the tax authorities of the RME for the period under review, there was a decrease in the number of audits (both field and desk). Based on the results of all field inspections, violations were found and additional payments were charged. The share of desk audits that revealed violations in 2021 amounted to 4.0 %. The amount of additional charges for field inspections in 2021 increased by 138 % compared to 2019. Conclusion. A complete analysis of the results of the control activities of the tax authorities in terms of its effectiveness is difficult due to the lack of open information. At the same time, on the basis of open data, indicators can be calculated that reflect the general trend in the field of tax control and serve as a guideline for building business strategies for taxpayers.
The SVE system as an element of regional economic development
UDC: 311
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Natalia K. Shvetsova; Andrey V. Shvetsov;
Introduction. In modern realities, the state is forced to pay more and more attention to the real sector of the economy. And if a few years ago the state's economy developed sectorally, including due to the policy of the Central Bank to curb domestic investment. The financial regulator tried to fight inflation in this way until re-cently, mistakenly assuming that only a reduction in lending to individuals and private businesses is able to keep inflationary processes within the established framework. Currently, it is necessary to actively develop all indus-tries in cooperation and planning all actions among themselves. It should be noted that it is necessary to start changes in the economy with the education system, in particular the vocational education system. We believe that the system of secondary special education is the most important element of training middle-level specialists for the domestic economy, a tool for training working professions that are so in demand in our country now. In this regard, there is a scientific and practical task of assessing the degree of influence of indicators characterizing the state of the system of secondary vocational education in the regions of the Russian Federation on the gross regional product of these subjects. The GRP of the region is selected as the resulting indicator reflecting the fi-nancial and economic situation of the regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to test the hypothesis about the degree of influence of the indicators of the SVE (secondary vocational education) system on the gross regional product of the regions of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The study ana-lyzes the official statistical data of Rosstat, uses multidimensional statistical methods of cluster, correlation, re-gression analysis and appropriate software. Conclusion. It should be emphasized that the results of the analysis should be applied to specific regions and only within the considered time ranges.