VESTNIK 3 (31) 2022
- Title:
- VESTNIK 3 (31) 2022
- Number:
- 3
- Year:
- 2022
- Date publication on the site:
- 2022-12-05 15:27:20
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 12
Development and current state of guinea fowl breeding in the Republic of Mari El
UDC: 636.593(470.343)
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Vladimir A. Zabiyakin;
Introduction. One of the specialized sub-sectors of poultry farming is the breeding of guinea fowl. The popularity of this industry is due to the fact that, compared with other agricultural species of birds (chickens and turkeys), guinea fowls acclimatize faster in new conditions, are unpretentious in maintenance and more hardy; they are much less likely to suffer from infectious diseases than chickens and other poultry. The purpose of the research is to study and determine the main stages of the development of domestic and Mari guinea fowl breeding. To identify the role of the Mari State University, the Mari Research Institute of Agriculture, scientists for fifty years providing the creation and improvement of the first domestic breed of guinea fowl Volzhskaya Belaya. To outline the main ways to preserve the valuable gene pool of Volzhskaya Belaya Guinea fowl. Material and research methods. The research was carried out by generalizing, analyzing and systematizing the available scientific literature on the history of the development of domestic guinea fowl breeding, breed formation, methods of creating highly productive guinea fowl. Databases and archival documents of the scientific library of the Mari State University were used. Work was carried out on the systematization of autobiographical information, interdisciplinary research in the field of guinea fowl breeding. Research results. The time frame of the main stages of working with guinea fowls in the republic are established, taking into account the author's personal experience and participation in breeding work, efforts to preserve the gene pool of the first domestic guinea fowl breed and his exhibition activities. Four main stages of the development of guinea fowl breeding in the Republic of Mari El are identified. Methods of preservation of Volzhskaya Belaya guinea fowl during breeding in individual farms are proposed. The possibility of laying, reproducing new highly productive farm lines of guinea fowl and obtaining an interlinear cross of guinea fowl from them is shown. Conclusion. Scientists-guinea fowl breeders of the Mari State University and the Mari Research Institute have been proposed promising scientific directions that allow creating new, productive lines of guinea fowl adapted to the conditions of extensive maintenance, developing accurate methods for assessing, preserving and reproducing guinea fowl of the gene pool herd in a small group.
The effectiveness of the use of fumaric and succinic acids salts in combined lesions of rabbits
UDC: 619:615.9:551.521
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Gulnaz S. Zakirova; Ilnur R. Kadikov; Vadim R. Saitov; Kamil T. Ishmukhametov;
Introduction. The article presents the results of studies of succinic and fumaric acids salts in combined lesions with ionizing radiation and toxic elements. Materials and methods. Six experimental groups of rabbits (males) of the Chinchilla breed with a live weight of 2.7−3 kg were formed, 3 heads each. Observation of animals and administration of drugs was carried out for 30 days. The first group served as biological control. Experimental groups of animals were exposed to ionizing gamma radiation at a stationary gamma installation “Pumaˮ at a dose of 5 Gy and priming with heavy metals (cadmium chloride and lead acetate at a dose of 5 MPC), and simultaneously received the studied preparations together with shungite (1 % of dry matter) and zeolite (1 % of dry matter). The third group received calcium succinate at a dose of 25 mg/kg, the fourth – ammonium fumarate at a dose of 25 mg/kg, the fifth – succinic acid at a dose of 25 mg/kg, the sixth – succinic acid and calcium succinate at 25 mg/kg. Research results. There were no deaths in all experimental groups. In animals of the second group, there was a decrease in body weight (by 15 %), the number of leukocytes by 25 %, monocytes by 20 %, granulocytes by 32 %, and the content of erythrocytes by 21.5 %. In the groups receiving the drugs, leukocytes decreased by an average of 12 %, granulocytes – from 12 % to 15 %. Conclusion. According to electron microscopic studies, it was revealed that in the liver of rabbits, the simultaneous intake of succinic acid and calcium succinate together with sorbents provides cells with a protective effect compared to the action of these drugs separately.
Organoleptic evaluation of quail meat when using succinic acid in the diet
UDC: 637.5.04
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Nadezhda A. Kislitsyna; Sergey Yu. Smolentsev; Elena V. Tsaregorodtseva;
Introduction. Scientists have experimentally proved that succinic acid is a powerful means of increasing the body's resistance to adverse external influences by normalizing the operation of the energy exchange system. There is a large number of works proving that the use of succinic acid and preparations based on it with feed has a beneficial effect on the physiological state, growth energy, productivity and safety of animals. Materials and methods. We set the task of studying the effect of succinic acid on the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the quality of slaughter products of Texas breed quails. For this purpose, 4 groups of quails at the age of 1 day, 30 heads in each group, were formed on the basis of the farm of Z. I. Alimchueva of the Republic of Mari El. The first group was a control group and was kept using the usual diet adopted on the farm. Quails of the 1st experimental group were fed 20 mg of succinic acid per kg of weight, of the 2nd experimental group − 25 mg per kg and of the 3rd experimental group − 30 mg per kg, respectively. Research results, discussion. It was also noted that such organoleptic indicators as appearance, color, taste and juiciness improved. The muscles on the incision were slightly moist, light pink, of a dense elastic consistency. The smell corresponded to fresh poultry meat, there were no foreign odors. A pleasant aroma, pronounced meat taste inherent in poultry meat was noted. Conclusion. Based on the obtained data of the tasting evaluation of quail meat and broth prepared from it, it can be concluded that the use of succinic acid as a component of quail feed does not adversely affect the organoleptic properties of meat and broth.
The effect of zinc (II), magnesium (II), selenium (IV), methionine and Alphasorb on cadmium embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in rats
UDC: 619:615.9:581.192.6
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Svetlana N. Potapova; Ilnur R. Kadikov; Danil R. Sagdeev; Iskander F. Vafin;
Introduction. Cadmium is one of the most persistent environmental pollutants. Its long-term toxic effect damages not only the main storage organs, but also the entire body as a whole, including the reproductive organs. The endothelial damage induced by cadmium leads to structural vascular defects in testes and ovaries. The purpose of the present research is to study the complex effect of essential elements, sulfur-containing amino acid and sorbent on cadmium embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in rats. Materials and methods. The effect of zinc, magnesium, selenium, methionine and Alfasorb compounds on the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of cadmium was evaluated on rats in the laboratory of technogenic ecotoxicants at the Federal Сenter for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety according to the guidelines for the experimental study of new pharmacological substances. Experimentally, after a two–week adaptation period, 56 nonlinear white female rats weighing 195−240 g were divided according to the principle of analogues into four groups of 14 individuals each. The first group was biological control, the second received cadmium (II) with feed 0.12 mg / kg, the third – zinc (II) 25 mg / kg, magnesium (II) 10 mg / kg, selenium (IV) 150 µg / l of drinking water, methionine 10 mg / kg and Alfasorb 1 % of the diet, the fourth received cadmium with the addition of components of the third group. Research results, discussion. The results of the study indicate that zinc, magnesium, selenium, methionine and Alphasorb in the above doses are not embryotoxic and teratogenic. Furthermore, the inclusion of these additives in the diet of rats exposed to cadmium contributes to the preservation of survival and timely development of offspring.
Calf dyspepsia treatments (review)
UDC: 619:616.61:616.155.194
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergey Yu. Smolentsev;
Introduction. In recent years, animal husbandry has faced many pathologies of a non-contagious nature, one of which is dyspepsia. On domestic livestock farms, the percentage of calves suffering from dyspepsia during the first days of life reaches about 70−80 %. Dyspepsia of newborn calves is one of the most difficult diseases. Polyetiologism and widespread dyspepsia cause a high percentage of calf deaths, and mortality can reach up to 75 %. A large number of scientific papers are devoted to the prevention, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of dyspepsia. The purpose of this work was to study the scientific works of both domestic and foreign authors devoted to the treatment and prevention of digestive disorders of calves. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was the scientific works of domestic and foreign veterinary specialists who specialize in the treatment and prevention of digestive disorders of calves. Research results, discussion. According to many authors, the main cause of calves’ dyspepsia is a violation of the technology and regime of drinking the first portion of colostrum after birth. For the treatment of dyspepsia, some authors note the high efficiency of drugs based on microorganisms (probiotics), which contribute to the normalization of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, other authors point to the effectiveness of drugs that include vitamins and minerals that normalize metabolism. In severe forms of dyspepsia, foreign authors recommend the use of enterosorbents to remove toxins from the intestines of the calf and reduce intoxication of the body. A large number of works indicate a positive effect in the treatment of dyspepsia in the case of the use of medicinal plants (St. John's wort, eleutherococcus, chamomile). Conclusion. In case of digestive disorders, regardless of the etiology, an increase in the overall resistance of the calf's body plays a great role in therapy. For this purpose, preparations made from whole blood, thymus or bone marrow, as well as B vitamins, vitamins A, C and E, probiotics are widely used.
Methods for assessing human capital: theoretical analysis and the author’s approach
UDC: 330.1
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Marina N. Arnaut;
Introduction. The importance of assessing human capital is explained by the increasing role of the knowledge economy, the role of investment in the qualities and properties of each individual person due to the limited nature of other types of resources in the modern economy (material, financial, etc.). Moreover, the block of theoretical research in the field of the very concept of “human capitalˮ is also multifaceted. Until now, there is no single interpretation of this concept, which further increases the urgency of the problem of assessing human capital in order to manage it. The purpose of the study is to conduct a theoretical analysis of methods for assessing human capital and present the author's position on this issue. Materials and methods: comparative and theoretical analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. Results, discussion. The results of the theoretical analysis of methods for assessing human capital have identified a number of certain shortcomings of all the analyzed methods and determined the basis for further study, namely: − none of the analyzed methods determines at which stage of management the subject of management is currently located and what is currently human capital (product or object of investment); − most of the considered methods of assessing human capital unify a person, turning him into a “thingˮ (resource), forgetting about his uniqueness. The identified shortcomings of existing methods of assessing human capital determine the importance of developing a new approach to this process. Conclusion. The novelty of the research conducted by the author lies in the assessment of human capital taking into account the following basic postulates: the assessment of human capital not only from the standpoint of the financial component; the need to distinguish the assessment of human capital as an object or product of investment.
The impact of Internet technologies on the economic behavior of individuals and households
UDC: 330.1
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Yulia A. Varlamova;
Introduction. Digitalization leads to changes in economic relations, transforms and activates the behavior of the main economic agents in a certain direction. The scientific discussion examines the positive and negative consequences of the use of Internet technologies by agents, changes in their behavior in the main markets – consumer, financial and labor market. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of Internet technologies on the economic behavior of an individual and household in three markets: the labor market, the market for goods and services, and the financial market. Materials and methods. The study applied a demographic approach to assessing the impact of the use of Internet technologies on the economic behavior of individuals based on the RLMS-HSE data for 2012−2019. The main research method was the assessment of the probability of an individual’s economic behavior based on the construction of probit-models on panel data. Socio-demographic and economic characteristics of individuals were included as control variables in the binary choice model. Research results, discussion. The results of fitting probit-models empirically confirm the positive impact of Internet use on such aspects of the economic behavior of individuals as: consumption of durable goods, the decision to take a loan, and economic activity in the labor market. Additional conclusions of the model are associated with an increase or decrease in the probability of economic behavior when an individual is assigned to a certain socio-demographic group. Conclusion. The practical significance of the study is to confirm the stimulation of consumer, borrowing and labor behavior through digital inclusion. When developing a policy in the field of expanding consumer credits, bank lending to individuals, it is necessary to pay attention to the growing propensity of the population to borrow behavior when using Internet technologies.
Mechanism for ensuring budgetary stability of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
UDC: 336.1
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Marina V. Kazakovtseva;
Introduction. Ensuring budgetary stability and balance of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on a long-term basis is the most important condition for ensuring macroeconomic stability in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, creating prerequisites for the subsequent economic and investment development of the regions, and increasing the competitiveness of the financial and economic system of the Russian Federation. The work considers the components of the mechanism for ensuring the budgetary stability of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In the current financial and economic situation in Russia, fresh theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of the concept of “financial mechanism”, “budgetary stability of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation”, which determine the budgetary stability of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and improve the quality of budget planning and budget execution, acquire special importance. The purpose of the research is to formulate a scheme of the mechanism for ensuring the budgetary stability of the subject of the Russian Federation as a set of economic instruments, methods, forms and incentives. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was the works of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to fundamental studies of the theory of the financial mechanism. The work considers the components of the financial mechanism for ensuring the budgetary stability of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the tools for its successful functioning. The theoretical foundations of the financial mechanism for ensuring the budgetary stability of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are formulated, which is implemented through the use of a systematic set of tools, forms, methods and economic concepts that allow achieving the goals and objectives of budgetary policy, relying on the high quality of financial resource management and the growth of the investment attractiveness of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation for additional mobilization of financial resources. Research results, discussion. The constituent elements and tools of the mechanism for ensuring the budgetary stability of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation should be an interconnected, coordinated, dynamic system, and change in accordance with the development of the financial system of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The integrated financial mechanism for ensuring the budgetary stability of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation should be the basic link in the modernization of the regional financial system.
Public participation in Russian higher education at the turn of the 19th−20th centuries
UDC: 330.3
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Elena L. Molokova;
Introduction. Retrospective analysis of higher education development allows to state interdependence of society transformation processes and change of universities’ mission. In particular, democratic processes and progressive movement towards an open society in the country determine the establishment of educational process transparency, harmonization of stakeholders’ interests, and public involvement in higher education. The two traditional missions of universities (education and science) have been complemented by a third mission − social participation. At present, there is a need for a comprehensive scientific analysis of social participation in higher education as a factor in the successful development of the social trend. In this connection, a theoretical understanding of the experience and history of interaction between universities and the public is in demand as a starting point for the progressive development of public relations in this sphere. This paper is part of a series of analytical articles devoted to the history of public participation in higher education in certain historical periods. The chronological framework of this work is limited to 1900−1917. The subject of the study is the most interesting period in the development of Russian higher education, characterized by the intensification of public involvement in higher education. The purpose of the work is to analyze the experience of public involvement in higher education at the turn of the 19th−20th centuries in order to identify promising practices for modern higher education. The methodology of the research is based on the historical analysis of scientific sources of literature devoted to the study of Russian higher education. The terminology of institutional paradigm is used to describe educational social relations. With the help of coordination theory, the basic characteristics of the development of higher education of the analyzed period are identified. The forms of public participation in higher education, peculiar to a particular historical stage of development of Russian higher education in 1900−1917 are identified according to the results of the study. Conclusion. The beginning of the 20th century is characterized by the formation of the possibility of a dialogue between the state and society in the development of higher education, as well as the presence of good practices of public participation in higher education, which have the potential to borrow and implement in the modern Russian school.
Statistical analysis of child well-being in the Republic of Mari El
UDC: 314
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Tatyana V. Sarycheva; Yulia A. Pushkareva;
Introduction. The standard of living of families with children is complex and ambiguous. This problem is due to the fact that in the Russian Federation there are a sufficient number of families with children living in poverty or even below the poverty line. Therefore, it is important to identify such problems and improve the quality of life of population groups that cannot independently solve the problems of family life support due to certain circumstances. The purpose of the research is to conduct a statistical analysis of child well-being in the Republic of Mari El, to determine the level of child well-being in the Republic of Mari El in the context of all subjects of the Russian Federation, to identify socio-economic indicators that affect the main indicators of child well-being and build scenario forecasts. Materials and methods. The published statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the data of the project “To be precise” served as the information base for conducting the declared study. Multivariate cluster analysis methods, principal component analysis, as well as regression and time series forecasting methods were used as research tools. Results of the research, discussion. The article proposes a methodology for analyzing and predicting child well-being on the example of the Republic of Mari El, based on the use of cluster analysis methods for the principal components and various regression models. This approach allows you to determine the factors that determine child well-being in a particular area. Conclusion. The level of child well-being in the Republic of Mari El is quite low compared to other subjects of Russia, this is primarily due to the low income of families. Particular attention should be paid to such indicators as: the subsistence minimum for a child under the age of 16 (18), the number of children who received a regular financial aid and the income of households with children. To improve the quality of life of children, it is necessary to develop new social programs, support families economically, legally and socially, and follow existing programs, such as the Decade of Childhood, in this case, the well-being of children will develop in a positive dynamic.
Multivariant analysis of the position of the regions of the Russian Federation by socio-economic indicators
UDC: 332.05
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Tatyana V. Sarycheva; Maria V. Chemekova;
Introduction. Labor resources occupy a special place in the market system of relations. The processes taking place in them, to a full or partial extent, are reflected in most economic, social, demographic phenomena. The current stage in the development of civilization is associated with a new view on the labor force as one of the key resources of the economy. The state of labor resources, the amount of labor force, all this directly affects the standard of living of society. The purpose of the study is to carry out a multivariant grouping of the regions of the Russian Federation according to the level of development of labor resources and to highlight the socio-economic indicators that determine getting into groups. Materials and methods. The published statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service served as the information base for the declared study. Statistical methods for multivariate analysis were methods of cluster analysis by principal components and methods of regression analysis. Results of the research, discussion. The article presents the results of a multivariant grouping of Russian regions based on the use of the cluster analysis method − the Ward method, in each of the groups using regression analysis, the main socio-economic indicators that determine the state and development of labor resources in regional labor markets are highlighted. Conclusion. Historically, the main characteristic of the state’s production potential has been labor resources. Of course, how efficiently the labor resources function directly affects economic growth both at the level of individual production, and at the regional level and the country as a whole. Labor resources are the driving mechanism of scientific and technological progress and the main element of resource provision of organizations of various forms of ownership, and are also an important economic indicator aimed at the creation, use and transformation of socially useful goods. The use of regression analysis methods makes it possible to determine what various factors affect the number of labor resources in the context of groups of regions characterized by different levels of socio-economic development.
Domestic economy and finance during a special military operation
UDC: 332.05
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Andrey V. Shvetsov ; Natalia K. Shvetsova;
Introduction. The configuration and structure of the Russian economy is currently export-oriented and a large share of all cash flows in the country is tied to export raw materials revenues. The situation is aggravated by the fact that Western countries impose restrictions on the supply of Russian products, including trying to artificially limit the price ceiling for energy raw materials. It is obvious that our society is going through a turning point, solving military, social and economic problems. The article characterizes the current state of the domestic economy and the actions of the financial regulator in the first half of 2022, and also gives short-term forecasts limited in accuracy by rapidly developing events. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current trends in the development of the financial and economic system of the Russian Federation at the present stage, taking into account external and internal factors. Materials and methods. The work uses materials from periodicals, data on the financial and economic state of the domestic economy as a whole and its branches. Research results, discussion. Today, there are all prerequisites for the implementation of a geopolitical scenario beneficial to the country. It is necessary to boost the Russian economy by implementing the paradigm of advanced growth based on a new technological order using modern management tools and a new institutional structure of the country. In the domestic economy, logistics and financial flows are being restructured, important management decisions are being made that rebuild the “consciousness” of business and society as a whole. Conclusion. Despite the fact that the Russian economy demonstrates high stability in the conditions of a hybrid war with the West and aggressive sanctions pressure, it is necessary to increase efforts at all levels of management and production to reduce the negative consequences in the domestic economy.