VESTNIK 4(4) 2015
- Title:
- VESTNIK 4(4) 2015
- Number:
- 4
- Year:
- 2015
- Date publication on the site:
- 2016-02-11 09:53:41
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 23
INTERRELATION OF LEVEL OF PROTEIN NUTRITIOUSNESS OF DIETS WITH EFFICIENCY OF SAGINATION OF BROILERS
UDC: УДК 636.52/58+636.085.55
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Yury Aleksandrovich Alexandrov ;
The paper presents the research on the effectiveness of using the granulated compound feeds of
a formulations No. 1 and No. 2 for growing broiler chickens of the cross “Ross-308”. The formulations differ in the level of crude protein and exchange energy. Consumption of feed, meat quality of broilers are analyzed by category. The study calculated the economic efficiency of compound feeds. Use of compound feeds formulations No. 1 and No. 2 contributed to the dynamic growth of broilers at the level of target standards of cross-country of “ROSS-308”. Use of compound feed formulation No. 2 with a high content
of crude protein, critical amino acids and more various structure, favorably influenced the growth of broilers, their safety, especially during the age period 0–21 day. Due to effective use of forages, increasing the share of poultry 1 category in the total meat production, the use of animal feed formulation number 2 has increased the profit from the sale of meat to 93777 rubles and increase the profitability of poultry
production by 4 %.
EVALUATION OF COMBINED TILLAGE MACHINES IN CROP ROTATIONS ON GRAY FOREST SOILS OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC
UDC: УДК 631.51
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Антонов Antonov ;
The basic processing of the soil (plowing), while remaining the most energy-intensive and long-term implementation by the reception in the technology of cultivation, is not sufficiently meet the requirements of the maximum accumulation of moisture and moisture retention, energy saving, and does not meet the requirements of the sparing effects on soil and the environment. In this regard, finding ways of minimizing the basic processing of soil without reducing crop yields taking into account the ecology of the environment is of great practical importance. Reduced costs of material, labor, energy resources in the system of tillage in crop rotations is possible when reducing or excluding certain methods i. e. the use of combined tillage tools that perform in a single pass multiple operations, if it has no negative effect on the fertility and harvest crops. Resource-saving system of cultivation allows to solve a serious problem: to prevent erosion, increase the accumulation in soil productive moisture, strengthen the processes of restoring soil fertility and reducing energy costs [1–4]. The article presents the results of the feasibility of replacing traditional way of primary tillage (ploughing), resource-saving methods based on the use of combined tilling machines.
AGROECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DISEASES OF GRAIN, DEPENDING ON THE USE OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS
UDC: УДК 632.934.1
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Nina Nikolaevna Apaeva ;
Seeds of spring wheat affected by various fungi. We found that from the beginning of the formation of the grain before full ripeness the number of fungi in the seeds of wheat increases. The main repre-sentatives are fungi of the genus Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium and Septoria. Among the fungi on the number of colonies Alternaria is in the first place. Mycological analysis showed that fungi are present in all of its internal parts of the spica. All parts of the spica (grain, Kolosova rod glumes) have a high infestation by the fungus A. alternata. Infection of the spica and seed by fungi of the genus
Alternaria occurs after flowering until the harvest, as well as during storage. Spraying fungicides
reduces infestation by fungi different parts of the spring wheat mushrooms. More seed infections
are concentrated in the tuft of grain than in other parts of the grain. Fungicides significantly reduce the number of fungi in a crest of grain. Fungicide Falcon promotes the greatest decrease in the defeat of wheat.
EVALUATION OF SPECIES COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE PROKARYOTIC COMMUNITIES IN GREY FOREST SOILS LOCATED IN THE TERRITORIES ADJACENT TO JSC “IRKAZ-RUSAL”
UDC: УДК 631.453
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Oksana Andreevna Berseneva;
The paper studied the physicochemical characteristics of the habitat of microorganisms. The study provides a comparative analysis of prokaryotic community structure of soil, long existed in terms of pollution of air industrial emissions of IrkAZ-RUSAL in comparison with those of the conditionally clean soil. The paper presents data on the specific structure of prokaryotic communities as a result of years of exposure to aluminum production emissions. The study shows the possibility of using synecological
indicators of soil micro-communities to assess the level of technogenic pollution of terrestrial ecosystems.
BREEDING NEW VARIETIES OF POTATOES IN THE UDMURT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
UDC: УДК 635.21:631.526.32
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Dmitrij Nikolaevich Vlasevskij ; Elena Aleksandrovna Vlasevskaya ;
The study presents the results of selection work on adaptation and field testing of potato hybrid
combinations of the leading breeding centers in the agro-climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic. The main task is to identify the hybrid combination with a high yield genotypes having set of valuable traits for agriculture in order to create new potato varieties adapted to the region conditions. This work i
s carried out since 2002 within the framework of the agreement on scientific cooperation with
All-Russian Research Institute of potato farming by A. G. Lorh, South Ural Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato, Falen Breeding Station of the Research Institute for Agriculture of the Northeast, Ural Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Selection nurseries are located in a specialized potato crop rotation of the Institute, on sod-podzolic and silty loamy soil soil with a slightly acid reaction of solution, with a high content of phosphorus and potassium. The technology of potato cultivation is garden bed, two-line by scheme (110 × 30) 70 and 50. As a result of years of research in 2013 new varieties of potatoes Unita and Nemri were selected. These varieties are adapted to the conditions of the region, resistant to fungal and to viral diseases, have good taste and quality of the tuber, have enhanced yields of 35 t/ha and resistant to late blight 7–9 points. In 2014, 14 rooms of different maturity groups, selected in 2013, were evaluated in nurseries environmental tests. The article presents the research results on the best numbers.
INFLUENCE OF THE AFTEREFFECT OF LIMING, FERTILIZERS AND GREEN MANURE CROPS ON THE PARAMETERS OF FERTILITY OF GRAY FOREST HEAVY LOAMY SOIL AND THE CROP YIELD
UDC: УДК 683.791:631.452:631.559
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Anatolij Vasil'evich Korotkov ;
Investigations were carried out on Podvyazny hops variety (2009) on gray forest heavy loamy soil. The paper studied the aftereffect of liming, mineral fertilizers and green manure crops on water-physical properties, agrochemical parameters of soil, productivity and the quality of hops. It was found that when plowing green manure nutrients additionally enter into the soil as green manure. In embodiments of the factor A1, there was a significant increase in the acidity of 0,09–0,20. Liming contributed to neutralize the acidity of the soil. In the first three years there was an increase in the degree of saturation and the amount of exchangeable bases. In embodiments, the reduction of nutrients continued. The ploughing of green manure crops helped increase productivity by 0,04 and 0,12 t/ha, and the effect was not
significant in the current year. During liming, the yield increased by 0,23 t/ha, while the content of
alpha-acids by 1,0 %.
INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATION ON THE ABILITY OF STRAWBERRY BREEDS TO FORM RUNNERS
UDC: УДК 634.75:632
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Lyubov Vladimirovna Kudryashova ; Yulia Olegovna Ivanova ; Nina Nikolaevna Apaeva ;
The paper studies the influence of biological preparation Ekstraflor 8 on the ability of strawberry to form runners. When growing seedlings of strawberry ecological production plays an important role. Studies of 10 varieties of strawberry have showed that the ability to form runners depends on the
particular variety, as well as the use of a biological product. Zenith and Maryshka strawberry varieties formed the largest number of runners. Biological preparation Ekstraflor 8 contributed to an increase
in the number of runners in the varieties Zenit, Tsariza, Tsarskoye Selo. Application of Ekstraflor
8 led to an increase in leaf area, plant height and number of runners. Almost all varieties of strawberry marked an increase in the seedlings due to the use of biological preparation Ekstraflor 8. The greatest number of commodity seedling varieties showed Zenit, Marshmallow, Koupchikha, Maryshka.
The remaining varieties inferior to the performance, but also increased the use of biological preparation results. In comparison with micro fertilizer Ryazanochka biological preparation Ekstraflor 8 has greater efficiency in output of marketable sprouts.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEW METHOD OF PLANTING AND PRE-TREATMENT OF RADISH SEEDS
UDC: УДК 635.1:635-13
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Olga Gennadyevna Maryina-Chermnykh ; Margarita Aleksandrovna Evdokimova ;
The article deals with the question of different ways of planting and cultivation of seeds of radish with glue solution (potato starch), biostimulant Kornevin and micro-fertilizers (magnesium sulfate + boric acid). Radish seed treatment and the use of new technologies for the use of their landing, to control the individual indicators of productivity, to increase yield and to improve the quality of root crops
in the technological maturity, opens new opportunities for an integrated approach in solving the basic problems of formation of yield and quality improvement in agrotcenoze. In addition, weather conditions affect plant growth on the yield of radish, for example, an increase in precipitation and temperature decrease. On the basis of the research, as well as taking into account the anti-stress nature of the fertilizers, we have been able to identify that the sowing radish tuba with the glue solution allows
to increase the productivity of root crops by 2,4 times during the spring sowing period and 1,3 times during the summer sowing, and to improve the quality of the commodity products. The study did not reveal a significant impact biostimulant Kornevin and micronutrients on crop yield.
INFLUENCE OF AGROECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON AMMONIFYING AND NITRIFYING ABILITY OF THE SOIL
UDC: УДК 631.461:631.43
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergey Ivanovich Novoselov ;
The purpose of this work was identification of optimum agroecological conditions of the cespitose and podsolic soil for ammonifying and nitrifying processes. Results on studying of influence of
temperature conditions (from –10 to +45 °C), humidity (0 to 30 % are given in work to the dry soil) and density (from 1,1 to 2,0 g/cm3) on ammonifying and nitrifying ability of the soil. It is established that the best conditions for nitrifying and ammonifying ability of the cespitose and podsolic soil are: soil temperature +15С; humidity of the soil 20–25 % and density of the soil is 1,1 g/cm3. At negative temperatures (–10 –5 °C) the content of nitrate nitrogen was low and didn't exceed 43,9 mg/kg, and the content of ammoniacal nitrogen didn't exceed 16,0 mg/kg. With temperature increase of the soil to +15–25 of °C nitrifying activity of the soil and the content of nitrate nitrogen increased. The maximum content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen was observed at a temperature of soil of +15 °C and made respectively 74,4 and 81,3 mg/kg. Low level of humidity of the soil 5; 10 % (15–30 % of PV) created adverse conditions for development of bacterial microflora. With increase in humidity the number of bacteria increased. Optimum conditions for ammonifying bacteria developed at humidity of the soil of 20 % (60 % of PV); for nitrifying bacteria of – 25 of % (75 % of PV). The further
increase in humidity of the soil reduced quantity of bacteria that was caused by replacement of air of the soil and suppression of aerobic microbiological processes. With increase in density of the soil with 1,1 the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil decreased to 2,0 g/cm3. The maximum content of
nitrate nitrogen of 63,5 mg/kg was at the density of 1,1 g/cm3, and the smallest – 32,1 mg/kg at the density of 2,0 g/cm3. Nitrifying ability of the soil decreased similarly. Consolidation of the soil led to increase in the content of ammoniacal nitrogen and ammonifying ability.
FUNCTIONAL DAIRY PRODUCTS OF SYMBIOTIC CLASS
UDC: УДК 637.14
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Nadezhda Nikolaevna Pogozheva ; Tatyana Viktorovna Kabanova ;
The article is devoted to a scientific and experimental series of scientific and experimental research on the symbiotic consortium of biologically active components in the design of functional purpose cheese with citrate, combined with the generally recognized prebiotic lactulose. Characteristic data prebiotics allow to carry them to supplements, which are beneficial for human health, compatible with dairy products. Another important factor is the high degree of security, they are approved for use in baby foods. Due to curative properties it is advisable to use them to produce food with a specific functional orientation. Conducted at the Department of experimental development confirmed that the symbiotic combination of enrichment and related traditional cheese milk components maximizes the positive synergies in products prophylactic. Introduction of prebiotics can reduce the titratable acidity of the final product and its slow growth during storage constrained allocation serum during storage up to 12 days. This helps to obtain a product with optimal organoleptic properties without loss of quality during long-term storage in the absence of preservatives.
ESTIMATION OF THE NITROGEN-FIXING ACTIVITY OF THE PERSPECTIVE LINES OF SOY BEAN
UDC: УДК 633.34:527
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Margarita Filippovna Fadeeva ; Ljubov' Venediktovna Vorobyeva ;
The most perspective lines of soy bean were studied concerning separation of samples on the active symbiotic activity of plants. It’s found out that both genotypic aspects and abiotic factors influence on active symbiotic and photosynthetic activity of soy bean sowing. It’s stated that the best conditions of active legumes nodule bacteria symbiosis are made with optimal supply of moisture in critical phase of growth and development of soy bean. The study highlighted the perspective samples in biological fixing of air nitrogen for the future research in selective soy bean process.
GRAIN ROOT DECAY DEGREE DEPENDING ON THE PREVIOUS CROP
UDC: УДК 631.82:663.421
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Asiya Mantsurovna Yamaliyeva ;
In recent decades, the concept of environmental protection of crops was widely adopted. The studies found that the fungi of the genus Bipolaris spp., isolated from infected root decay winter wheat, B.sorokiniana is predominant. Typical for this link of a crop rotation it is possible to consider F.culmorum, F.avenaceum, F.sporotrihciella, F.nivale and F.gibbosum as the frequency of their
occurrence made over 30 %. The highest incidence rate (67,8 %) was at F.gibbosum. At a size of
infectious potential of activators of root decay – B.sorokiniana and mushrooms of the sort Fusarium spp., fungistazis of soils has considerable impact in a rizosfer of winter wheat. In its turn, it depends on the previous culture. Fungistazis of soil is weak when sowing winter wheat on grain predecessors. So, after the winter wheat the number of non-germinated conidia of B.sorokiniana was 35,1 %, F.gibbosum – 30,5 %, and after spring wheat – 15,4 and 25,2 %, respectively. The study found
a direct link between the antagonistic activity of the soil and its fungistazis, antagonistic activity and viability of conidia F.gibbosum. Increase in antagonistic activity leads to strengthening of a fungistazis of the soil and reduction of viable conidia.
TAX INCENTIVES AS A PRIORITY OF TAX POLICY OF THE STATE
UDC: УДК 336.22
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Natalia Sergeevna Abasheva ;
The article raises topical issues of improving the tax policy of the state in applying the tools of tax subsidize. The aim of the article is to identify and justify the existing problems in the implementation of the regulatory function of taxes. The article presents a critical analysis of existing tax legislation methods of tax minimization and the results of law enforcement practice of the taxpayers in their use. So, the study analyzes the following tax instruments: the use of bonus depreciation and raising coefficients to amortization norms, “transfer of the loss for the future”, taxation of consolidated groups of taxpayers, the mechanism of distribution of profit for tax on profit of organizations which have subdivisions. The article analyzes innovations in the field of tax incentives in the framework of the project “Main directions of tax policy of the Russian Federation for 2016 and the planning period of 2017 and 2018”, namely: 1) providing rights to the subjects of the Russian Federation on establishment of tax privileges on profit of organizations for newly established enterprises (“Greenfield”); 2) liberalization of the tax regime for regional investment projects and priority development areas; 3) increase the minimum cost of depreciable property and revenue, to go from monthly to quarterly payment of advance payments under the profit tax of the organizations; etc. directions of improvement of tax doctrine to tax incentives in the framework of the decision of problems of increase of investment activity of economic entities, their orientation on legal tax optimization.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCIAL CONTROL OF THE STATE CONTRACTS
UDC: УДК 336.1
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Marina Vadimovna Kazakovtseva ; Julija Aleksandrovna Perminova ;
The state financial control is intended for implementation of financial policy of the state, creation of conditions for financial stabilization. The purpose of article consists in determination of the general principles of carrying out supervision of public contracts for guaranteeing the desirable results of
purchases. When the system of public procurements doesn't meet expectations, there are some undesirable consequences: the goods and services necessary for citizens or organizations which serve the population, aren't delivered in time; economic development, implementation of the international projects suffers; the trust of the population to a capability of authorities effectively decreases to function. In many countries the system of public procurements is not only means for acquisition of goods and services, but also the mechanism for accomplishment of various political goals. Strategic objective of bodies of financial control is the efficiency evaluation of public procurements for satisfaction of public requirements. One of the most important and useful documents who was prepared by the Working group on public procurements of Committee of the supreme bodies of financial control of member states of the European Union is the Procurement Performance Model. Considering scales of the market of public procurements and complexity of questions in this sphere, it is reasonable to attract members of INTOSAI. For implementation of this initiative, in Audit Chamber of the Russian Federation it is planned to create target group on carrying out verifications of public contracts. The target group will have: to develop a general set of the principles for check of public procurements; to transfer these general principles to the operational guidelines; to develop managements on control of public contracts in specific spheres and areas. Bodies of financial control will be able to apply the recommendations developed by target group according to their national standards and rules.
HACCP IS THE BASIS OF SAFETY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF MILK
UDC: УДК 637.051
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Tatyana Veniaminovna Gaynulova ; Svetlana Gennad'evna Kreneva ;
The article covers the basics of food safety, in particular dairy. On the 1st of July, 2013 the Technical regulations of Customs Union 021/2011 “On food safety” entered into force. According to it the
manufacturer of food products have to develop, implement and maintain procedures based on HACCP principles. Since February 15, 2015 all food processing companies are required to implement and realize the production activity in the HACCP system. All technological processes should be based on the principles of this system, starting from receipt of raw materials to provision of products to the end customer.
The introduction of a system of control HACCP is especially important for dairy companies, in connection with certain features of the raw materials. First, milk is a product of animal origin. Secondly, storage and method of manufacturing line of dairy products have their own specifics, different from other types of food. In addition to the main use – improving the safety of produce and manufactured
products – HACCP provides the producer with a number of economic advantages.
DEGREE OF INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATORS ON THE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR OF HOUSEHOLDS
UDC: УДК 336.748.3
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Inna Vasil'evna Kulalaeva ; Svetlana Gennad'evna, Kreneva ; Elena Nikolaevna Khalturina ;
The study determined the degree of mutual probability effect of the volatility of the key factors (the market value of the currency basket (dollar, euro), the global competitiveness index, which characterizes the level of development of institutional environment), affecting the consumer behavior of households using correlation analysis and regression model. Article structure consists of an introduction, main material, comprising the following headings: objective of the study; materials and methods; results, discussion; conclusion, four equations, bibliography, tabular and graphic material. The paper identifies the most significant factors determining consumer behavior of households in the
parameter to the propensity of the priority development of savings relative to consumption. To solve the tasks set out in the work, the following general scientific and private methods of cognition are used: the methods of system analysis, method of describing, the structural and dynamical and statistical analysis, the methods of expert assessments, situational and functional analysis. Using correlation analysis, the study identifies key factors affecting consumer behavior of households on the basis of which the main directions of their influence were highlighted.
The study carried out a correlation analysis of the mutual dependence of the key factors characterizing the state of the macroeconomic environment in the parameters of volatility of the national currency, the level of institutional development, and the share of savings in public expenditure. Propensity regulation of households to save can be
adjusted both through the impact on the ruble against the currency basket (sold by interventions and changes in the key rate), and through the development of the institutional environment. This trend reflects the structural changes in the behavior of consumers and their propensity to save.
CONCEPT OF INNER-CITY ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS, AS AN ACTIVE ELEMENT OF THE REGIONAL CLUSTER POLICY
UDC: УДК 334.021
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Anna Viktorovna Lisevich ;
The paper deals with the concept of a cluster as part of the economic development of the economy and cluster policies, as a control. The study determined the role of clusters and cluster policy in economic development both at the macro and at the meso levels. It has been determined that the turnover flowing within a cluster of fundamental knowledge, technological, technical, science, humanitarian and economic system forms the basis of industrial solutions and new types of production management. The article
describes the principles of the organization of clusters in a geographic area. The study introduces the
concept of inner-city competitiveness of the economy by Michael Porter, one of the methods of the organization of regional cluster policy. The work defines the importance of the organization not only macro clusters of industrial purpose, but also the need to invest in the “cultivation” of local clusters, in particular to develop B2C market, “Business-to-consumer”. This modern form of organization of market space allows to interact directly with the end user, thereby creating a more attractive final cost for him. The experience of foreign experts of the cluster concept may be applied on the territory of the individual subjects of the Russian Federation, in particular in the Kaliningrad region. Accordingly, it is actually urgent to create an innovative cluster of jewelry or a business incubator for the processing of amber. It will also stimulate the development of small business in the region.
IMPORTANCE AND ESSENCE OF THE SIMPLIFIED TAXATION SYSTEM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
UDC: УДК 336.226
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Alexander Vasilevich Padyganov ; Nadezhda Valerevna Kurochkina ;
The article explains the role of small and micro businesses in the Russian economy. The study demonstrated the positive impact the introduction of a simplified tax system for the development of this sector. This paper gives the concept of a simplified system of taxation applicable in the Russian Federation and the Commonwealth of Independent States. The study highlights the distinctive features specific to the special tax regime. The article discusses the pros and cons of the transition of organizations and individual entrepreneurs with the general regime of taxation on the single tax payment when applying the STS. On the basis of essentially clarify and functional features of the simplified taxation system its own definition has been formed.
ESTIMATES OF THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE EDUCATIONAL CLOUD OPERATOR ON THE BASIS OF THE THE TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP METHODOLOGY
UDC: УДК 38.2
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Mihail Mihajlovich Pisakin ;
Cloud model SaaS (Software as a service) is becoming popular in the framework of the set of software
and hardware solutions for society and for business. One of the main advantages of this model is its
cost-effectiveness. To calculate the cost-effectiveness of the implementation of the educational model of
the cloud operator is necessary to choose methods of calculation of economic efficiency Currently, there are several methods of evaluating the economic efficiency of the introduction of cloud models. The most popular are: performance indicators (KPI), and balanced performance indicators (BSC), functional-cost analysis (ABC), Return on Investment (ROI), total cost of ownership (TCO). This article deals with the method of TCO (Total Cost of Ownership method) and its advantages, as the most appropriate method for calculating the economic efficiency of the educational cloud operator. To assess the cost-effectiveness of the educational model of the cloud operator is to select the most appropriate method of TCO (Total Cost of Ownership, or TCO). On the basis of this technique it is easy to show how using cloud customers the educational provider CAPEX (Capital Expenditures, CAPEX) practically disappear, leaving only operational (Operating Expenses, OPEX), thus reducing the cost index of the use of automated systems. In accordance with the procedure TCO, all the costs of information systems at all stages of the life cycle of the system are divided into direct and indirect. Direct costs – explicit – is the cost of going through the accounting department (staff salaries, purchase of equipment and software, payment of consulting services, and others.). Indirect costs – implicit – identified more complicated. They include the costs of the removal of faults or problems on computers, downtime of working time, travel expenses, the cost of preventing the risks and costs for the removal of their effects, training costs and other similar costs. In practice, the costs exceed the implicit explicit.
MAIN AREAS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
UDC: УДК 330(575.3)
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Ramazon Ismatovich Sarhatov ;
The article describes the main indicators of economic development of the Republic of Tajikistan in recent years, gives a detailed description of the mineral resource base and the development of agriculture.
The work explores the birth and death rates, population density, the level of wages in the context of national economy. The article presents data on the overall unemployment and female unemployment in particular
in recent years. The consumer price index is represented by the month for 2015 that allows to match it with the dynamics of gross domestic product. In comparison with the corresponding period of the previous year the article provides information on the budget and tax revenues. We have studied the dynamics of investment in fixed assets by industry for the period January-September of the current and previous years.
The study details the development of agriculture, together with an indication of the volumes of produc-tion of the most important types of products, studies foreign trade turnover of Tajikistan, with indication of the countries accounting for the largest volume of exports and imports and commodity groups,
prevailing in foreign trade with these countries. Particular attention is paid to the foreign trade operations with Russia, which is considered the structure of export-import operations. The article examines
the reasons for the growth of cement consumption and propose measures to reduce its imports from Russia. The work explores the basis of the structure of food consumption on a sample survey of households with the release of bread, meat and dairy products, potatoes and vegetables. Particular attention
is paid to the state of demographic and social factors that influence migration processes. The study proved the main directions of economic development in key sectors: energy, agriculture and mining.
LEAN PRODUCTION IN RUSSIA: REALITIES AND PROSPECTS
UDC: УДК 65.01
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Artur Melsovich Ter-Israelyan ;
Today there is an active search for ways to develop and improve production processes at the enterprises of the industrial sector in Russia with modern concepts and methods of production activities. In today's world of competition on the market is growing in popularity among industrial companies become lean methods. Lean management is a broad concept, aimed at the elimination of waste and the optimization of business processes – from the stage of product development and production, to direct interaction with suppliers and customers. The essence of lean production is not to reduce costs, which could then lead to a decrease in product quality, but on the contrary – to reduce losses, which are present in every workplace. Russian companies, along with companies in developed countries recently embarked on the implementation of lean manufacturing. The article shows the main advantages of the concept of lean manufacturing and the results of its development in Russia is not the moment. The study presents some of the problems faced by domestic enterprises in the implementation of lean manufacturing and shows the need for further implementation and development of this concept in domestic enterprises.
BUDGET AND TAX FEDERALISM: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION
UDC: УДК 336.02
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Ramzija Kavievna Shakirova ;
The main purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the terms “budget federalism” and
“tax federalism” based on the research results of scientific works of modern Russian scientists, as well as identifying the relationship between these concepts. The methodological basis for the job is a com-bination of dialectical, positive, structural (systemic), normative methodological approaches. The article summarizes the conceptual approaches of modern scientists to the interpretation of of these terms, comparative characteristics of these concepts in the light of their qualifying features. In addition, we conducted a fairly comprehensive comparative analysis of the implementation of the principles of budgetary and fiscal federalism, based on identified correlations reflected a functional relationship
diagram elements category of “budget federalism”. Based on the analysis the conclusion about
belonging of the concept of “tax federalism” to the structural elements of the “budget federalism” and the need to implement the principles of federalism in the process of forming the country's fiscal policy.
FINANCIAL RESERVES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONS
UDC: УДК 338.23:336
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Andrej Vladimirovich Shvecov ; Natalija Kimovna Shvecova ; Margarita Nikolaevna Egoshina ;
The general lack of financial resources is common to all levels of the Russian Federation budget. In this connection, it is necessary to find ways to increase revenues, including municipal budget. The study concludes that the most preferred form of lending for the region is budget, as opposed to commercial. In addition, the problem is not the amount of debt in the region, and the large share of short-term loans that require annual refinancing. It should be noted that in the current circumstances, when inflation continues
to grow, and the key rate of the Central Bank remains very high, investors are extremely reluctant even to short securities with a maturity of approximately one year and require a significant premium
for the primary placement. Entering the market even with the paper, the duration of which is reduced as much as possible through aggressive depreciation, does not seem an optimal solution, and the cost
of debt to the budget of the region will be too high. It is emphasized that it is necessary to conduct tighter fiscal policies, without increasing the share of debt with respect to part of budgets. It is noted that
the problem in the Russian economy is not in the size of the debt, and in its “short” structure, that is, in a large fraction of short-term loans that require annual refinancing. The share of expenses on
repayment and servicing of the debt to 2017 in regions on average increase by three times. It is important that some regions have already announced fiscal adjustment, reducing maintenance costs of public
authorities and public sector institutions. However, it is noted that regions experiencing the problems with lack of funds, the costs are reduced as much as possible. In addition, savings in the public sector
in the form of layoffs or pay cuts carries not only benefits but also hidden risks for the region due to
reduced revenues from personal income tax.