VESTNIK 1(9) 2017
- Title:
- VESTNIK 1(9) 2017
- Number:
- 1
- Year:
- 2017
- Date publication on the site:
- 2017-03-22 14:18:08
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 19
EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE EXPOSURES TO LOW DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY OF MAMMALS
UDC: 619:539.16.04:636.32/.38
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Alexandrovich Alexandrov ;
The study presents data on the effects of low doses of gamma radiation on the immunological status of sheep of the Prekos breed in single and two-times exposures with an interval of 60 days. The level of immunoglobulin IgM was increased after a single gamma-irradiation in doses 0,65 · 10–2 C/kg (25 R), 1,29 · 10–2 C/kg (50 R), 2,58 · 10–2 C/kg (100R), 5–15 days after radiation exposure by 10–15 %, the concentration of antibodies of classes Ig G and Ig A were decreased in the same period by 15–30 %. The study indicated a dose dependent
increase in the level of circulating immune complexes in serum by 5–20 % on the 5th day after radiation exposure. It is found that low doses of ionizing radiation at two fold exposure radiation in the range of 0,65 · 10–2 C/kg + 1,95 · 10–2 C/kg (25 R + 75 R) and 1,29 · 10–2 C/kg + 1,29 · 10–2 C/kg
(50 R + 50 R) stimulate the immunobiological reactivity of the organism of sheep to a greater degree than single
exposure. It was noted a statistically significant, consistent increase in the level of all major immunoglobulin classes in the serum: Ig M – 5–10 days after exposure – by 25–30 %,
Ig G – 10–15 days after exposure – by 15–20 %, Ig A –
10–30 days after exposure – 25–30 %. The content of circulating immune complexes was decreased by 10–20 % compared to those of intact animals. These results indicate the
expression in the irradiated organism-specific antigenic sti-mulation, which appears specific immune response according to primary (at the first radiation exposure) and seconddary (after repeated radiation exposure) immune response.
ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF FLUORIDES ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE LINEAR GROWTH OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS
UDC: 631.4
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Оksana Andreevna Berseneva ;
The article assesses the degree of the toxic effect of sodium
fluoride on soil microbiota. The level of sensitivity of the
microorganisms to fluoride ion depending on the presence
and absence of growth on an agar medium LB, as well as
the diameter of the colonies, is determined. The article
shows the possibility of using synecological performance
(linear growth of microorganisms, the diameter of the
colonies) to assess the degree of contamination of soils with
sodium fluoride. Quantification of microbial resistance
to fluorides was held through the frequency accumulation
method. Based on this method, the effect of each dose is
calculated in percentage. The concentration of fluoride,
causing a reduction in the diameter of microbial colonies
on 50 % (LD 50) is detected. The study of the effect
of fluoride ion on soil microbial community in the model
experiments showed that bacteria in the study can be
divided into 4 groups with respect to the fluoride ion:
totally resistant species of medium-sensitive, resistant and
highly resistant species to limit resistance 25; 100; 250
and 500 mg/kg, respectively. The most stable of the identified
crops were Penicillium sp, Bacillus sp, Bacillus megaterium,
linear growth of the colonies is reduced by 50 %
with a fluoride concentration of 350; 400 and 430 mg/kg,
respectively. It was found that the minimum concentration
of fluoride ion current for gray forest soil, to which there
is no violation of the species structure of the microbial
community is the concentration of F‾ 10 mg/kg. A further
increase in the level of contamination by fluorides gray
forest soil leads to the impoverishment of species diversity
and slowing linear growth of the colonies.
WINTER TRITICALE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL
UDC: 633.11
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Georgiy M Vinogradov; Vladimir A. Maksimov; Rimma I. Zolotareva ; Lidiya I. Ivanova ;
One of the sustained increase in grain yield is the expansion of crops of winter crops. Along with the traditionally cultivated winter crops in many regions of the country winter triticale crops increase. This crop is characterized by high productivity and product quality, increased
resistance to diseases and adverse soil and climatic conditions, the possibility of its universal use. According to
Canadian researchers, the biological value of triticale grain is equivalent to wheat in feeding poultry and in fattening pigs – to barley. The aim of the study was to evaluate
the productive and adaptive potential of promising new varieties of winter triticale of different breeding centers in the Republic of Mari El. The article presents the results of a study of environmental tests of winter triticale varieties on the yield and quality. The highest level of yield of
winter triticale was observed at Nemchinovskaya variety – 56 (4,82 and 5,72 t/ha) as in fertilized and in unfertilized backgrounds, and at Antey variety (5,90 t/ha) in fertilized background in relation to the control variety of Zymogor (4,62 and 5,55 t/ha). Adding mineral nutrition N60P60K60 dose contributed to higher yields of winter triticale grain in the average for all grades at 0,90 t/ha or 20,6 %. Mineral fertilizers helped increase crude protein content in the grain of winter triticale on average by 26,7 %. The crude protein content in the grain of winter triticale on N60P60K60 background significantly was higher in varieties: Dubrava, Alexander, Barbara, Ustinov and Antaeus, compared with the standard.
INFLUENCE OF MULCHING ON SOIL MOISTURE MODE, YIELD AND QUALITY OF BLUE HONEYSUCKLE BERRIES
UDC: 635.9
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Vladimir P Golovunin ; Sergey A Zamyatin ;
Currently, one of the causes of the Russian crisis are negative
horticulture natural disasters that result in a significant
reduction in the adaptive capacity of fruit and berry crops.
However, there are plant species characterized by high
resistance to adverse natural factors – it is non-traditional
horticultural crops, received its spread to the northern
territories of the Russian Federation. Among non-traditional
crops most widely distributed sea buckthorn, saskatoon,
rosehip, rowan, actinidia course and honeysuckle, which
opens the season of consumption of fresh fruits. The bulk
of the roots of the plants blue honeysuckle is concentrated
in the upper layers of the soil horizon. That is why the
good condition of its moisture – is the key to obtaining
high yields. It mulching around-trunk circle honeysuckle
provides optimal growing conditions. The aim of this
study was to examine the effect of receiving mulching tree
trunks bands on the soil moisture regime, productivity and
quality of productivity blue honeysuckle berry in the conditions
of the Republic of Mari El. The studies revealed
that mulching tree trunks bands sawdust treated microbiological
drug Baikal EM-1, has a positive effect on the
value of mid-year growth and the general state of the
honeysuckle plant. Admission mulching provided reliable
yield increase in the variety swan 0,4 t/ha to control variant
(without mulching) with the average yield of 2,3 t/ha.
Mulching tree trunks filings treated bands microbiological
drug Baikal EM-1 leads to an increase in the quantity and
quality improvements. Application reception mulching
tree trunks filings strips treated with microbiological
preparations Baikal EM-1 is economically feasible and
profitable.
INFLUENCE OF GROWTH PROMOTERS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAIN CROPS PRODUCTS
UDC: 633.16:631.811.98
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Alexander V. Danilov ;
Now one of perspective and enough efficient directions of
increase in level of productivity are application of growth
factors of plants, which can be as a natural origin, and are
synthesized by the person and are analogs of phytohormones.
Growth factors of plants influence in a complex the
physiological and biochemical processes proceeding
in bodies of a plant. Their application allows to accelerate
approach of phenological phases, thereby promoting
reduction of the vegetative period in general, and it in turn
gives the chance to use more rationally agricultural
machinery during harvesting. Growth factors of plants are
nontoxical and safe for the person and a surrounding
medium, in view of the origin. The seed material or plants
processed by growth factors react to better adverse environmental
conditions. Growth factors of plants are widely
applied in agriculture. Their positive influence on body
height and development of plants, productivity and quality
of grain; phytopathologic condition of grain crops are
shown in the article, on the example of the conducted
researches of the Russian and foreign scientists. Winter
wheat, winter rye, winter triticale, spring-sown field,
summer barley, oats, corn, a buckwheat were studied
in various soil climatic conditions in the territory of the
Russian Federation and the neighboring countries.
Application of growth factors of plants is justified not
only the environmental friendliness and high performance,
but also in view of the fact that for processing of plants are
required in slight quantity also is economic. Thus now,
development and application in agriculture of growth
factors of plants is important.
MONITORING OF CROP ROTATION WEED INFESTATION
UDC: 631.423.4
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergey A. Zamyatin ; Alexandera Yu. Efimova ;
Different species of weeds have differential effects on crop plants. The harmfulness of the weed is an expression of this influence. This leads to a decrease in yield or deterioration in the quality of products. Over time, agricultural crops may change th
NEW GROUP OF VEGETABLE CROPS – EDIBLE FLOWERS
UDC: 635.3
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Maria I. Ivanova ; Aleksandr F. Bukharov ; Dmitriy N. Baleev ; Anna I Kashleva ;
The growing need for nutraceuticals and functional foods
caused greater activity of researchers in search of new
food products, focusing on the agronomic and economic
horizons. A new group of vegetables whose flowers are
edible, appeared in the production and on the market.
Sweet and fragrant, edible flowers are very popular among
today's best restaurants and bakeries in the world. Edible
flowers are ideal to enhance the visual appeal or as a dessert
with a different taste, texture, color and aroma. They
have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective
effect it, as well as against obesity. There are more
than 100 kinds of popular garden ornamental plants, flowers
which are both edible. Many catalogs offer seeds of plants
with edible flowers, complete with descriptions and recipes.
Edible flowers provide such flower culture as begonia,
nasturtium, marigold, calendula, daylily, chrysanthemum,
hibiscus, honeysuckle; flowers, fruit, such as bananas and
citrus fruits; flowers of herbaceous plants such as angelica,
borage, cilantro, dill, ginger, jasmine, lemon verbena,
marjoram, mint, rosemary, lavender, pansies, soflora; flowers
of vegetables, such as leeks, onions, chives, garlic, planting
Indus, rucola, artichoke, broccoli, okra, Chinese cabbage,
peas, radishes, zucchini, and others. Edible flowers are
a commodity with high added value. Importantly, edible
flowers are grown in a background of organic farming.
This aspect can play a crucial role in order to attract potential
customers edible flowers as a new food as organic farming
can help to properly maintain and ensure the nutritional
value and food safety.
STUDY OF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF POTATO BREEDING NUMBERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC
UDC: 635.24:68.35.49
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Inga Ju. Ivanova ; Svetlana P. Konstantinova ;
The main objective of the potato-breeding program in the Chuvash Agricultural Research Institute is the creation of varieties with high productivity potential and resistance adapted to agro-climatic conditions of the Volgo-Vyatskiy region. The article presents the results of research on potato breeding. The results of the evaluation of promising
hybrids of potatoes by agronomic characteristics and
resistance to most common diseases. The study gives the characteristics of promising hybrids of potato. As a result of researches, the breeding number 4487.375 was transferred to the State Commission for study and protection of varieties under the variety Avan. The variety is medium early, table appointments. The plant is of medium height (60–70 cm), leaf type. Profuse flowering, long lasting. Large inflorescence, many-flowered, spreading. Large corolla, red-purple.
The tubers are red, oval. The skin is smooth; flesh of the tuber is white. The variety is resistant to cancer and Golden potato cyst nematode. Moderately resistant to late blight on foliage and is highly resistant to tuber blight, slightly amazed scab and Rhizoctonia. Drought- and heat-resistant. The potential yield 410–560 kg/ha, starch content of tubers 13–15 %, weight of marketable tuber is 80 to 120 g,
the taste is good to excellent
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF WINTER RYE CULTIVATION ON VARIOUS FALLOW PREDECESSORS
UDC: 633.14«324»:631.581
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Albert N. Kuzminykh ; Galina I., Pashkova ;
One of the reasons of instability of high crops of agricultural
crops is in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia is the low
level of soil fertility. In recent years, due to the sharp
reduction in the use of organic and mineral fertilizers by
agricultural enterprises of the country, this problem has
become more urgent. Therefore, agronomic science began
to pay more attention to the study of the biological agriculture,
which allows to create highly productive and
environmentally sustainable agro-ecosystems, more fully and
rationally use the potential of biocenosis and agrocenosis
natural resources of the region. In the Non-Chernozem
zone of the Russian Federation winter rye in the rotation
mainly placed on complete, occupy and less – greenmanured
fallows whose value in recent years is increasing.
Sideration vapor, as agrotechtechnical reception can be
a major area of biological agriculture and of producing
high yields of agricultural crops. However, the use of green
manure increases material and labor costs of cultivation of
major crops. Therefore, the green manuring needs to pay
off economically the increase in yield crop rotation.
The researches about the influence of complete, greenmanured
and occupy fallows on the productivity and
economic efficiency of cultivation of winter rye in the
conditions of the north-eastern Non-Chernozem zone of
Russian Federation are made. It is revealed that replacement
of complete and occupy fallows by the green-manured
fallow, and cultivation winter rye on it allowed to obtain
a statistically significant increase of productivity of grain.
Winter rye cultivation on the studied fallow predecessors
was cost-effective. Profitability, depending on the version,
ranged from 62,5 to of 186,1 %. This is more advantageous
placement of winter rye on a clean pair.
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING OF CULTIVATED WINTER WHEAT VARIETY, ITS PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY
UDC: 631.521:631.82
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Vladimir A. Maksimov ; Rimma I. Zolotareva ; Lidiya I. Ivanova ; Georgiy M. Vinogradov ;
Currently, science is a major factor of economic development,
due to which it is provided up to 70 % of economic
growth in developed countries. In crop such driving factor
is the selection for integrated resistance of agricultural
crops to stress factors of the environment and creation of
varieties adapted to local environmental conditions and the
requirements of modern agricultural production. The aim
of the study was to evaluate the productive and adaptive
potential of promising new varieties of winter wheat in
breeding centers in the Republic of Mari El. The article
presents the results of a study of environmental test of
winter wheat on productivity and quality, as well as
economic performance indicators of new varieties breeding.
Significantly high grain yield was observed in Bezenchukskaya
616 variety (3,93 and 4,79 t/ha), Biryza (3,89 and
4,71 t/ha) and Moscovskaya 56 (4,17 and 4,61 t/ha) both
in unfertilized and fertilized backgrounds in relation to the
control variety Bezenchukskaya 380, the grain yield of
which was 3,42 and 4,48 t/ha, respectively to backgrounds
fertilizers. On average, during the years of study, crude
protein content in the studied varieties ranged from 12,5
to 13,8 % on the back without fertilizers and from 14,2
to 15,4 % on the back with the use of mineral fertilizers
in N60P60K60 dose. The lowest cost of 1 kg of grain
provided varieties Moscovskaya 56 (4,3 and 4,8 rubles),
Bezenchukskaya 616 (4,4 and 4,7 rub.) and Biryza (4,6 and
4,8 rubles), respectively, without fertilizers and with the
use of fertilizers in N60P60K60 dose.
INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE ENVIRONMENT DURING CROP CULTIVATION
UDC: 631.95
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Olga G. Maryina-Chermnykh;
The soil, thanks to technology of cultivation of crops,
changes its natural process. Influence of organic matter
and ploughless tillage on the species composition of the
micromycetes, the structure of formed communities
and phyto-toxicological soil characteristics for the studied
eco-systems has shown that the formation of micromycetes
communities and soil phytotoxicity on ecosystems
depends on the environment: on the application of organic
fertilizers, processing and other technological effects on
the soil. After all, the soil – is a natural formation,
a complex of living organisms and abiotic substrate
systems, and it is capable of self-regulation. The strength
of ploughless tillage technologies in adequate conservation
agriculture techniques lies in the fact that it is based on
natural laws. The technological process of the moldboard
plowing leads to partial opening the small biological cycle
of substances that spoils the soil. At the same time the soil
is deprived of the power of the material culture of soil,
microorganisms do not get stubble and other crop residues,
and humus used as an energy source, thus destroyed.
Adequate same technology in conservation agriculture
under production conditions simulated sod process of soil
formation and create soil wealth. When terminating the
straw into the surface layer of soil, humus is reproduced.
Nature is not accidentally programmed leaving crop
residues and the entire energy of the material for the
reproduction of humus under aerobic conditions. Since during
the decomposition of organic matter residue monomers are
formed – simple organic compounds soluble in water.
Therefore it is necessary to simulate the effect of organic
matter and other fertilizers as anthropogenic factors on soil
micromycetes systems operating in the soils of different
cultivation and follow the dynamics of the number of
living structures of micromycetes.
EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION AND FERTILIZERS ON CROP YIELDS AND SOIL FERTILITY
UDC: 631.5+631.8
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergey Ivanovich Novoselov ;
The effect of fertilizers and crop rotation on crop yields and soil fertility are studied in the article. It was revealed that the maximum productivity of crop rotations provide busy and green manure steam at the use of organic and mineral fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers and manure positively affect the productivity of all crops of seven-course crop rotation. Green manure has a positive effect on the yield of winter rye, potatoes and barley. Organic fertilizer application system in crop rotations were more productive
compared to the mineral. By the end of crop rotation agrochemical properties of the soil changed. In the application of mineral fertilizers exchange acidity increased, and when manure – decreased. No fertilize in the soil with green manure crop rotation, steam humus content has decreased to 1,82 %. In the soil with clean steam rotation of its
content was 1,76, and with busy ferry 1,80 %. Decreasing the amount of humus in the soil for the year was in the
rotation with green manure steam 1,1 %, with the busy
ferry 1,2 % and 1,5 % pure steam. One field of clover in seven-course crop rotation and application of 60 t/ha
of manure provided the humus content in the soil at the original level. Mineral and organic fertilizers application system provided approximately the same content in the soil hydrolyzable nitrogen, but different content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium. In the soil, crop rotation with the application of mineral fertilizers containing at 9–23 mg/kg more mobile phosphorus and 7–33 mg/kg of mobile potassium than the manure.
FEATURES OF BREEDING MARES OF RUSSIAN DRAFT BREED FOR DAIRY-TERM PRODUCTIVITY AT THE CJSC BREEDING FACTORY “SEMYONOVSKY”
UDC: 636.1.034
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Andrey V. Onegov ;
Production efficiency of commodity mare's milk is determined by the level of dairy productivity of mares, a right choice
of the breed of horses, the direction of breeding work with the milking herd, the competent identifying key selection parameters. The features of selection work with mares of the Russian heavy breed are studied at the CJSC breeding koumiss factory “Senyonovsky”. The study determined dairy productivity, coefficient of heritability of dairy productivity, lactation duration. Dairy productivity of
210 days of lactation of mares of the Russian heavy breed based on 308 completed lactations was 3045 kg of milk with an average 228 days duration of lactation. The coefficient of heritability of dairy productivity made 0,48. As an additional selection indicator, determination of lactic ratio is recommended – indicators that show the intensity of the secretory process of milk-formation. The highest milk yield index had the mares of Russian draft breed – 574 kg. Compared with the mares Lithuanian and Soviet heavy breeds they produced the largest quantity of milk per unit body weight. Another important part of the breeding work at the tribal breeding koumiss factory is to work with uterine nests that have been formed from the offspring of the most highly-milk mares. Based on materials from more than 1,000 completed lactations most promising family of mares Russian draft breed identified. The highest milk yield for 210 days of lactation was in mares of uterine nests Morali 15, Geology 17 and Carmen 28 – 4343, 4201 and 4032 kg
respectively. The greatest number of milk fat is revealed at mares of a uterine nest of Moral 15 – 86 kg. The carried-out assessment on coefficient of dairy productivity witnesses about more intensive exchange processes at mares of
uterine nests Morals 15, Carmen 28 and Geology 17,
coefficient of dairy productivity constituted respectively 697,1 – 692,7 – 683,1 kg.
RESISTANCE IN NEWBORN CALVES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF “GAMAVIT”
UDC: 619:615.1+577.15/17
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergey Yu. Smolentsev ;
A major problem is the preservation of modern animal husbandry calves in the early postnatal period, as newborn animals have poor resistance to most diseases or do not have it at all. This is due to the fact that at the birth of calves blood immunoglobulins – the main factor of protection in the postnatal period – are absent. Therefore, immunologic inadequacy condition is changed only after consumption of the first portions of colostrum containing high levels of immunoglobulins and immune cells. Experiments were performed on newborn calves with subcutaneous “Gamavita” to stimulate absorption of colostral immunoglobulins and the formation of non-specific resistance. The work was held in spring and summer at dairy farm of agricultural production cooperative “Rassvet” of the Kuzhenersky
district of the Republic of Mari El. The objects of study were 16 newborn calves of black-motley breed selected
on the basis of pairs of analogs. Animals were divided into 2 groups – the control-one and the experimental-one.
The calves from the experimental group were injected “Gamavit” intramuscularly with 100 micrograms twice
in the first hour after birth and after 4–5 hours. The calves from the control group were injected subcutaneously with a physiological sodium chloride solution in the same way. Blood samples were collected at 1 and 10 days after birth. The use of this drug increased the level of white blood cells, proteins and immunoglobulins in the blood of
newborn calves, which gives the reason to believe that the thymus in newborn calves involved in the regulation
of absorption of immunoglobulins and other important components of colostrum. “Gamavit” stimulated the
formation of non-specific resistance, which was manifested in the increase in the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of blood. Improving indicators of nonspecific resistance
of calves was accompanied by an increase in weight gain in dairy season of cultivation.
INTERRELATION OF KEY INDICATORS OF A CLIENT COMPONENT WITH LEAN PRODUCTION
UDC: 338.31
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Aliya R. Gaysina ; Tatyana B. Bakhtina ; Elena N. Halturina ;
The article underlines relevance of use of the balanced systems of indicators with application of lean production. The balanced system of indicators is the instrument of strategic management of the organization, which allows
to coordinate realization of strategy of the company to its operating activities, by means of distribution and delegation of responsibility to the specific employees for separate target indicators and tasks. The research considers key
indicators of a client component, indicators of satisfaction of the consumer connected with the general approach to
activity of the enterprises. The client is an important
component of any organization. Customer focus involves the ability of the company to get the result of commercial activity due to meet customer needs, build customer-centric processes and internal marketing. The problem of customer retention is relevant for virtually any type of business and industry. The model of customer retention allows to
determine the value of the clients and develop methods
for their retention. The main feature – customer demands orientation and maximum satisfaction of the requirements – related to the most important marketing principles. The ratio of marketing and management is considered as a part of
a whole at a research of the organization. The quality
management system and the concept of economical
production are tools, which allow to reach the high level of a production system and to increase economic efficiency
of production. One of methods of economical production is the system 5S, the improving production. Steps of intro-duction of programs for quality, by transition to ideology of economical production are presented in the article. Any employee can organize the workplace so that to spend less time for search of materials and tools; to improve operation
of the equipment to reduce number of breakages (defects),
to master skills of small repair, to come into contact withrepair crews; to execute concrete improvements of processes, applying methods of economical production on decrease in losses (expenses) and to increase in efficiency. The main goal of a technique of economical production consists in increase in operational efficiency.
ASSESSMENT OF CREDIT POLICY AND METHODS OF DIVERSIFICATION OF THE LOAN PORTFOLIO OF JSC “ROSSELKHOZBANK” IN THE CONSUMER MARKET OF BANKING SERVICES
UDC: 336.71
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Faina Z. Gumarova ; Irina O. Shcheglova ;
The article is devoted to assessment of credit policy
and assessment of methods of credits diversification of
JSC “Rosselkhozbank” in the consumer market of banking
services. In the article the principles of credit policy are
described, and also special attention is paid to determination
of the main methods of ensuring diversification of bank
loans. There is a practical part, which reflects activities of
Rosselkhozbank for forming of credit policy and methods
of diversification of loan portfolio. Today in market economy
of the Russian Federation there is an active growth of
the consumer market that gives the chance to increase
the economic potential of the country in general. Since
the banking system is an essential element and sector of
the national economy, we can state with confidence that
the banks are playing one of their most important roles
in maintaining the stability of the monetary system of the
country and carry out an extensive range of banking operations:
acceptance of deposits and lending, maintain client
accounts, the implementation of non-cash payments, the
payment of interest on deposits, the purchase and sale of
securities, foreign exchange operations, etc. At the present
stage of development of banking services by the most popular
service provided by commercial banks is the credit.
Crediting is demanded by both legal, and physical persons.
The percent received by bank from rendering this banking
service make the most part of profit. However, when the
commercial banks make a credit operation they has high
risks. Credit risk management – a key factor in determining
the effectiveness of the bank's activities. One of the credit
risk management is the diversification of the loan portfolio.
Therefore, based on the characteristics of credit policy of
commercial banks competing in the consumer market
of banking services, we can conclude that this article is
relevant today.
INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF THE BANKING SECTOR AS A BASIS FOR ENSURING SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
UDC: 330.322.5
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Marina V. Kazakovtseva ; Irina O. Shcheglova ;
The article is devoted to the analysis of investing activities of JSC “Rosselkhozbank”, full name – JSC Russian
Agricultural Bank. Today, this article is significant and
actual because, well developed and constantly enhanced investment policy of any commercial bank is the major condition and guarantee of their effective activities. For an efficiency evaluation of investing activities the analysis on the basis of “Cash flow statement” of JSC “Rosselkhozbank” was carried out. According to the data of 2015th year, it was revealed, that JSC Russian Agricultural Bank only gains 11,3 % of the income from investing activities. And also, income that was received from investing activities in the period of 2012–2015 years, decreased (had negative dynamics of recession) by 23,01 billion rubles or on 19,24 percent. The bank gets the main share of its income from investment activities, through the proceeds from the sale and settlement of securities and other financial assets belonging to the category “available for sale”. Therefore, according to the results of the analysis, it was revealed that the
JSC “Rosselkhozbank” have is passive, weak investment policy, which in turn adversely affects the reception
of high-income, as well as on the bank's competitiveness. In this connection, in our article, we offer Russian Agricultural Bank to implement to investment project for the production of debit cards with overdraft function is enabled for
individuals. The implementation of this project will
allow the bank to profit (cash profit) from its implementa-tion and expand its investment activities, as well as to
improve their competitive position in the banking market.
START OF ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL EUROPE
UDC: 330.8
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Kirill R. Kopylov ;
The article describes the initial stage of economic transformation,
with the analysis of conditions in which the
post-communist countries of Central Europe were in 1989.
The basic source factors affecting the dynamics of socioeconomic
development in these countries are also shown
in the article. The method of comparative analysis of the
countries of the former socialist bloc considered various
factors that may affect the pace of economic transformation.
It was found out that there was the faster process
of recovery of the market economy in the countries with
the objective historical background of the economic
decentralization. It has been observed that the rate of
nationalization of the economy during the Soviet occupation
in different countries was different, and in the countries
where nationalization of the economy took the longest time,
the standard of living, in particular, GDP per capita was
the highest. The influence of the country's population on
the pace of economic transformation confirmed.
FORMATION OF MARKET RISK PORTFOLIO
UDC: 657.36:336
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Marija V. Stafievskaya ; Tat'jana V. Zhirova ;
The stock market is an important mechanism to ensure the effective functioning of the entire economy. The main
securities – assets of the stock market are considered cer-tificates, promissory notes, bonds and stocks. An entity experiencing the need for external sources of funding, it is necessary to solve the difficult problem of choice of a suitable financial instrument. Bank credit as a resource
rather expensive and often short-term nature. Therefore, the most realistic source of long-term investment can act as a securities market. To get the maximum performance on the stock market, the participants form a securities portfolio. Financial results by investing personal funds cannot meet original expectations, as any asset at risk. To manage cash and open positions in securities requires the presence of an effective strategy or the adoption and implementation of solutions of a system aimed at reducing the risk of reducing the value of financial investments. The main task of a manager of a financial institution – competently to consider the investor's needs and create a portfolio of
assets that combines reasonable risk and an acceptable rate of return, which implies the relevance of the research
topic. The authors, in the framework of management
accounting, proposed the program “Formation of the
market portfolio”, with which the user will be able to form a market portfolio, as well as on the basis of selected data, to calculate the return and risk of the portfolio, taking
into account the prices and weights of selected assets.
The practical use of this program allows you to perform control functions over the assets acquired for the purpose of risk assessment in future reporting periods.