VESTNIK 3(11) 2017
- Title:
- VESTNIK 3(11) 2017
- Number:
- 3
- Year:
- 2017
- Date publication on the site:
- 2017-09-21 08:39:34
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 14
ASSESSMENT OF CULINARY QUALITIES OF POTATO HYBRIDS ON THE BASIS OF DARKENING THE FLESH OF RAW AND BOILED TUBERS
UDC: 635.21:632.4:635.07
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Alevtina V. Gordeeva; Elena Yu. Udalova ;
This article is devoted to the assessment of the
degree of darkening of raw and boiled tubers of eight varieties of different origin for use as initial
parental forms for the creation of new promising
varieties with non-darkening pulp of tubers before and after cooking. The aim of the research was to carry out a comparative assessment of hybrid populations of potatoes and to isolate the best plants-sources of valuable traits (for yields, resistance to diseases) for the creation of new breeding lines and potato
varieties in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 on the experimental field of the Mari scientific research
institute of agriculture. The object of the study is hybrids of eight varieties. Chemical treatments
of tubers and vegetative plants against diseases have not been carried out. Harvesting and counting of
potato tuber yields was carried out manually in the first decade of September. During the harvest period, hybrids were evaluated for the compactness of the nest, the shape of the tubers, the depth of the eyes, and susceptibility to diseases. During harvesting,
15 healthy tubers of medium size were selected from each variety. During the period of storage, we watched the keeping quality and the resistance of potato
tubers to rot. Prior to the experiment, potatoes were stored under optimal conditions. Tests were carried out 2,5–3 months after harvesting. Darkening of raw and cooked tubers was evaluated according to
the methodology described in the Methodological guidelines for the technology of the potato breeding
process of 2006. Consequently, it is quite feasible
to create potato varieties with a high starch content and a dark-fleshy tuber. It should be noted that
the dependence of the darkening of the pulp of
the tubers on the maturity of the variety samples was not also revealed.
STUDY OF THE QUALITY AND LABELLING OF RICE
UDC: 664/.7
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Oksana A. Danilova ; Faina I. Grazina; Oksana E. Savatkova;
The article gives a study of rice grain quality according to the organoleptic characteristics. Its comparative analysis on the following parameters is presented: package design, completeness and correctness of labeling, price, sensory characteristics, consumer competitiveness. The research was conducted on three samples of long-grain rice of “365 days”, “Lenta”, “Makfa” brands. The study of the quality
of cereals is determined in accordance with
the requirements of the GOST 6292-93 “Rice groats. Specifications”. Such indicators as company name, composition, net weight, date of manufacture, date of packing, crew number, storage conditions, shelf life, designation of the regulatory document,
information on nutritional and energy value were investigated. All the samples comply with the
requirements of the standard for the studied
indicators. Groats are the hulled or crushed kernels of various cereal grains such as buckwheat or
legume seeds, freed from parts of the grain, which are not usually absorbed. Fruit, seed, endosperm shells are removed during grain handling.
The shells contain a lot of fiber and are not
absorbed, which reduces stability when storing
the cereals. Rice, buckwheat, manna, oat cereals are the most popular. Buckwheat contains a lot
of iron. Cereals from rice, buckwheat, oats, barley, peas contain the most valuable proteins.
WEED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE CROPS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL
UDC: 615.19
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergey A. Zamyatin; Alexandra Yu. Efimova ; Sergey A. Maksutkin ;
Most weed plants have endurance and high reproductive activity. Weeds on the field are amazing with their vital energy and it's not for nothing that the healers and herbalists turned and pay so much
attention to them. They study, make up medical treatment and are used with great benefit in folk medicine. Medicinal preparations from plants based on their biologically active substances have a wide spectrum of action and are of great value in the treatment of many diseases. However, the use of wild-growing raw materials is complicated by
the reduction or complete disappearance of populations of valuable medicinal species. Weed plants represent a significant reserve for use in medical practice. As a result of investigations of the Mari scientific research institute of agriculture located
on soddy-podzolic soil, the stationary section of the experimental field, the species composition of weed plants in fields of crop rotations with medicinal properties is determined. Weediness of field
agrocenoses was determined in the phase of dairy ripeness of cereals and leguminous crops, in the phase of closing the potato tops, at the beginning
of flowering of clover and annual grasses.
The biomorphological spectrum of weed species
indicates that there are 27 species of perennial weeds and 10 species of perennial weeds. The smallest number of weeds in crops was recorded in arid
2010 to 9 pcs/m2, the largest in wet year 2017 – over 400 pcs/m2. Of the 37 weed plants that are found
in 21 years of observations, 34 have medicinal
properties. However, these plants lead to clogging
of agricultural crops and, as a result, to a significant decrease in yield and deterioration in the quality
of products.
THE INFLUENCE OF LIQUID HYDROGEN FERTILIZER OF “ECOROST” ON THE YIELD OF GRAIN WHEAT GRAIN AND ITS QUALITY
UDC: 633.11
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergey A. Zamyatin ; Vladimir M. Izmestyev ; Vildan R. Gabdullin ;
In connection with a sharp reduction in the use of mineral fertilizers due to the increase in their cost, agricultural producers are forced to look for new ways to increase crop production. One of the most promising elements of technology for agriculture
in Russia is the widespread use of humic fertilizers. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the action of the humic “Ecoprost” preparation on the yield and quality of the grain of spring wheat of the Lada variety cultivated on sod-podzolic soil of the experimental field of the Mari Agricultural Research Institute. Non-root processing of vegetative plants of spring wheat “Ecorost” in the amount of 0,5 l/ha significantly increased the content of total nitrogen in their green mass by 12,1 %, phosphorus by 4,8 %, potassium by 8,4 % sugars by 6,0 %
Ashes by 1,4 % in relation to the control. The lowest air-dry mass of weed vegetation was on the control version, when processing the crops with water. With a single treatment of spring wheat plants by “Ecorost”, the air-dry mass of weed vegetation increased by 1,07 times as compared with the control variant.
In the case of double treatment of crops with a liquid humic preparation, the amount of air-dry weed mass increased by 1,11 times. The highest yield of spring wheat was obtained with a two-fold treatment of “Ecorost” plant (1,61 t/ha), which is 2 % higher than with a single treatment by “Ecorost” and 10 % higher than in the control. It is noted that the processing of vegetative plants in the early stages of culture growth was more effective than in the second half of the vegetation period. The lowest content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and gluten in the grain of spring wheat was in plants that were not treated with
“Ecorost” during the growing season. Processing of vegetative wheat plants Ecorostom increased the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and gluten up to 0,3 % in comparison with the control. At the same time, the highest values of these indices are observed when the liquid humic drug “Ecoprost” is used twice.
INFLUENCE OF PERENNIAL LEGUME-CEREAL GRASSES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF FODDER CROP ROTATIONS
UDC: 631.582
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Vladimir M. Izmestyev ; Alexander K. Svechnikov ; Ekaterina A. Sokolova ;
In 2013–2016 years on the experimental field of the Mari scientific research institute of agriculture, comparative evaluation of the productivity of three six-field fodder crop rotations with different saturation of perennial clover-lucerne-timothy grass mixture with the application of mineral fertilizer doses (NPK) recommended for the central zone of the
Republic of Mari El and without nitrogen fertilizers (RK) was carried out. The study assesses the productivity of arable land of three fodder crop rotations with a short rotation for six years for 4 years of the third rotation. Agrometeorological conditions during the observation years were quite favorable for the growth and development of the main agricultural crops studied and less favorable for intermediate crops (mustard greens). It has been established by the research that in the conditions of sod-podzolic soils of the Republic of Mari El, a six-field fodder crop rotation with three fields of clover-lucerne-timothy grass mixtures is most productive. An increase in the number of fields of grass mix with alfalfa and timothy in the structure of fodder crop rotation from one to three increased the productivity of the clover
in 1,55…2,4 times, depending on the productivity index. In fodder rotations with a short rotation,
mineral fertilizers should be applied according
to the currently recommended doses for each crop. The exclusion of nitrogen fertilizer from the system of crop rotation fertilizers is accompanied by a tendency to decrease the productivity of fodder crop
rotations with a short rotation. The extension of the period of economic use of leguminous grass mix
in fodder crop rotation from one to three years
contributes to an increase in the coefficient of energy efficiency of the use of crop rotation to almost two times. The refusal to introduce mineral nitrogen somewhat reduces the energy efficiency of using short-rotation feed rotations.
QUALITY MANAGEMENT CONVENIENCE FOOD POULTRY MEAT WITH ANTIOXIDANTS DURING STORAGE
UDC: 637.54’65
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Nadezhda N. Kuzmina ; Oleg Yu. Petrov ; Irina V. Guseva ;
The production of competitive innovative and
non-traditional products, differing in the originality of the formulation and production technology, becomes relevant in the context of import substitution. Also of interest are the products that are positioned as products for a healthy diet, with a set of specified useful properties. Thanks to the introduction of the HACCP system, the quality products of Russian enterprises will be able to make a worthy competition to imports. The priority direction of development of the modern market is the production of products from poultry meat. Interest in the use of phytopreparations and, in particular, dihydroquercetin, an active antioxidant and a unique natural acceptor of free radicals, has increased significantly in recent years. Dihydroquercetin is obtained from Siberian larch of various breeds. Its application is aimed at solving problems in the production of meat products and ensures the extension of their shelf life and maximum quality preservation. The ability of dihydroquercetin to bind and intercept free radicals can prevent the development of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, as well
as arthritis and asthma. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the feasibility of using dihydroquercetin bioflavonoid, which has a high degree of antioxidant activity and has a positive effect on the exchange reactions and dynamics of a number of pathological processes in the body. To achieve this goal, it is envisaged to use the additive dihydroquercetin in the technology of functional products from poultry meat. Due to the powerful antioxidant properties, this contributes to an increase in the storage time by a factor of 1,5–4, increases the biological value and allows to find its functional orientation. Laboratory studies of minced chicken half-finished meat products showed that the addition of “Dihydroquercetin” inhibited the formation of oxidation products. In this regard, it has been found that dihydroquercetin exhibits potent antioxidant activity,
reducing the oxidative damage of semi-finished products and thus creates the possibility to control its qualitative characteristics during storage.
PRACTICE OF INTENSIVE FARMING BIOLOGY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF LLC “AGROFIRMA “GLORY TO THE POTATO” OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC)
UDC: 631.4
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Vladimir M. Mutikov ; Aleksei V. Selivanov ; Nikolai I. Vasiliev ; Igor' N. Nursov ;
The article is devoted to the experience of the biologization of agriculture on the example of LLC
“Agrofirma “Glory to the Potato” of the Chuvash Republic. LLC “Agrofirma “Glory to the Potato”
of the Chuvash Republic is specialized in the production of crop products and, above all, on large-scale potato and grain production. There is no cattle-breeding industry in the economy, no manure. Therefore, for successful production in the present and the future, the central issue is the reproduction of fertility on the basis of a large-scale return to the soil of organic matter. The aim of the research is to study the possibility of biologizing crop rotations.
In each rotation, the obligatory condition is the presence of long-term leguminous or leguminous grasses and the introduction of straw and manure fertilizers into the soil, primarily to improve the balance of humus and soil biological parameters. 36.6 kg of nitrogen, 16 kg of phosphorus and about 66 kg of potassium were returned to the soil in the area of cultivation of cereals and peas with straw, on average per hectare. The share of the clover in the structure of sown areas is 21.3%. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supplied by the gray wool melon in yellow in 2016 in the agrofarm for 1200 hectares is equivalent to: 1055 tons of ammonium nitrate in
nitrogen, 194 tons of superphosphate in phosphorus, 470 tons of potassium in potassium. Radish olive oil for repeated sideration after embedding in the soil of the clover organics in 2016 was sown at the beginning of the third decade of June on an area of 429,6 hectares. Thanks to the use of straw and widespread introduction of sideration in agrofarm farming, a positive balance in nitrogen and potassium has been achieved. At the same time, the share of biological nitrogen in the balance sheet was 76,3 %, and the mineral fraction only 23,7 %, respectively, 42,6 % phosphorus and 68,0 % potassium. Obligatory elements of the technology should be pre-sowing treatment of the tubers with bioregulators in doses: Propastin – 2,3 liters/10 liters of water per 1 ton of tubers; Fumar – 30 ml/10 l of water per 1 ton of tubers; Non-root processing of vegetating plants in the
budding phase: Polystin – 3l / 300 liters of water
per 1 ha, Intermag Potato – 2l / 300 liters of water per 1 ha.
MAIZE HYBRIDS PRODUCTIVITY ASSESSMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL
UDC: 633.15
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Alexander K. Svechnikov ; Vladimir M. Izmest'ev ; Ekaterina A. Sokolova ; Alekseevich O. Nikolaj ;
The purpose of the research was to identify the maize hybrids most adapted for growing on green matter in the central zone of the Republic of Mari El. One zoned and 10 experimental maize hybrids, bred in the Voronezh branch All-Russian research institute of vegetable growing, were used as variants of the experiment. The arid and hot weather conditions throughout the growing season of 2016 reduced
the productivity of maize hybrids by 1,4–1,7 times compared to 2015. Green mass yield, dry matter content in it, dry solid matter collection, gross yield of feed unit and metabolic energy were considered as feed characteristics in the article. In general, the new maze hybrids, bred in the Voronezh branch All-Russian research institute of vegetable growing, were not inferior to those zoned by the main productive characteristics when studying in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El in 2015 and 2016. Productivity values of experimental hybrids VTG 189-15 and VTG 193-15 relating to middle-ripening group were among the highest on average over two years of research: 49–50 tons of green mass,
14,6–14,8 tons of dry solid matter, 12595–13045 fodder units and 148–152 GJ of metabolic energy per hectare seeding. The maize hybrids reduce their
potential productivity in droughty conditions of
the growing season by almost 50 %.
AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
UDC: 657
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Yuliya B. Rzhavina ; Elena Y. Yuricheva ;
Investment generation, its’ analysis and evaluation are very important in the context of economic growth development and promotion of competitiveness of any business entity. Nowadays one of the main directions of the national economic policy is capacity building of agricultural business entities producing food security. Agriculture is a complex, specific and comprehensive organizational structure with a high degree of integrative and interindustry investment behavior. This sector doesn’t have enough opportunities for self-development. Agriculture has an ingenious structure of business management and low investment attractiveness. Lots of factors at micro- as well as at macro-level are influencing the development of investment activities in agricultural business. All these factors should
be considered within the analysis. Evaluation and analysis should take place at all stages of investment decision generating the integrity of this process.
Investment analysis as a part of economic analysis involves all its’ methods and instruments within the process of capital project design for monitoring and follow-up control of a result. Agricultural investment analysis and evaluation should include three basic areas: national economic, social and commercial. The expected results will be bared only providing complex overview of each particular agricultural business investment assets.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS Yu. B. Rzhavina
UDC: 657
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Yuliya B. Rzhavina ;
Current economics requirements actualize design and implementation of practical methodologies
as well as improvement of methodological support of the management process. Analysis plays the key role in the development efficiency of any business. Within the national practice economic analysis has been evolved during the Soviet period. Growth of the modern business conditions has set the pace to the development of economic analysis methodology. Its separation into financial and management analysis is identical to segregation of financial and management accounting. Comparison of management and financial analysis allows for the conclusion about their common core function. Strong correlation between management analysis and management accounting defines the main characteristics.
Management analysis implementation is specific in each individual case of business activity and directly depends on the degree of management accounting development. Appliance of the process approach gives an opportunity to receive correct, well-timed and detailed analytics of business events. Carrying out analytical procedures of the management analysis is essential at every stage of executive decision-making. As the key component of economic analysis, management analysis applies all its instruments, technics and methods adjusting modern analytical tools to every business particularity. Growing interest and modern management demands make actual the development of management analysis methodology. The performance of chosen analytical procedures will depend on internal and external factors in each specific case of business.
RISK IDENTIFICATION: ASSESSMENT AND DOCUMENTATION
UDC: 657
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Marija V. Stafievskaya ;
A practical mechanism for identifying and assessing risk based on the accounting (financial) reporting of a commercial enterprise, specializing in the production of manufactured goods, is disclosed within the department of management accounting. The practice of analyzing financial forecasts requires the earliest diagnosis or prediction of the possibility of bankruptcy of an organization in a situation of risk and uncertainty. By conducting a probability analysis
on a monthly basis, the company management can constantly maintain the probability at a low level. Since the probability depends on a number of indicators, it is necessary to monitor a number of indicators simultaneously, in order to get a positive result. To this end, the methodology and procedures for increasing the absolute liquidity of the enterprise are proposed, and a practical calculation mechanism is provided. The process of identifying risks is illustrated by an example. The development of appropriate proposals for their minimization has been completed.
Accounting registers were developed and recommended for inclusion in the document circulation
to reflect the identified risks in the system of
management accounting and subsequent disclosure in the explanatory note to the accounting (financial) statements. The proposed forms of documents are information accumulators by types of identifiable risks, their content, category, reflection on off-balance accounts as part of management accounting for subsequent transfer to the risk management department. For the purpose of informing internal and external users, a form for reflecting risks in their sum terms by quarters is proposed. The study made recommendations on the role of accounting and analytical
support as a system that allows timely reflection
of identified risks for further areas of their minimization, as well as systematic monitoring of their level.
ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE INSURANCE MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL
UDC: 657
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Marija V. Stafievskaya ; Tat'yana V Zhirova ;
In modern economy, insurance acts as a financial stabilizer, which allows compensating for damages to business entities. The regional markets are an integral part of the entire insurance market. The extremely important role of the insurance market in creating conditions for the sustainable functioning of the regional economy predetermines an increased attention to the aspects of its territorial development.
The branch peculiarity of insurance activity can be reduced to three components: the absence of an industrial cycle in an insurance organization, inversion of the operational cycle of the insurer and the
features of the formation of the financial potential. Today, the state of the insurance market is changing in the process of changing the Russian economy.
For this industry in recent years, it is characteristic that the rate of increase in contributions is reduced, loss-making is increasing and insurers will experience pressure from other segments of the financial market. But this situation does not prevent the continued existence of insurance companies and gradually insurance becomes a significant investment
resource for the economy. In the Republic of Mari El, this type of activity is sufficiently developed, so we can talk about the relevance of research on this topic. The authors of the article analyze the insurance organizations dynamics over 10 years. The correlation analysis of insurance premiums is presented, the factors influencing the size of the indicator are revealed. A forecast for 2018-2019 is made on such indicators as the number of insurance organizations, insurance premiums, and insurance payments.
The conclusions are made about the development and improvement of the insurance market of the
Republic of Mari El.
FINANCIAL RISK FORECASTING
UDC: 657.36:336
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Marija V. Stafievskaya ; Vadim O. Soskov ;
The idea of systemic provision of economic security of an economic entity in a situation of risk and
uncertainty is of concern to managers, economists and accountants since the emergence of a market economy. In modern conditions, the enterprise operates in a complex economic situation, characterized
by three complex factors, such as, firstly, when the result and the likelihood of occurrence are known, secondly, when the result can be predicted, but the occurrence of an event is multivariate, and thirdly, when the probability and the forecast are uncertain. In the field of accounting and analysis, all this
requires the creation of accounting and analytical support of risk situations with a view to their
forecasting and control, as well as the development of a methodology for recording and analyzing risk situations. Accounting and analytical support of risk management is aimed at dividing business risk, that is, the risk that depends on the activities of the
company and other types of risk, which are largely independent of the activities of the enterprise, but they must be predicted. The authors developed a software solution for forecasting the economic risks of a commercial enterprise on the basis of accounting data. This program is aimed at the effective use
of assets, which is the result of the interaction of many components. The practical use of this program allows performing control functions over the
acquired assets in order to assess the risks in subsequent reporting periods. The ultimate goal of the program is to generate risk information within
the management accounting department for risk management.
FACTORS AFFECTING IMPLEMENTATION OF FORECAST VALUES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL
UDC: 33.332.1
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Elena Ju. Yuricheva ; Yuliya B. Rzhavina ;
One of the elements of management of regional economy is the planning (forecasting) and control. The economy is composed of different plans, terms, and purposes. All regions of the country implement strategic development plans up to 2030, which are specified by more detailed medium-term plans
for the next three to five years. Monitoring of the achievement of target indicators and identification of factors affecting the development of the economy are carried out in the process of implementing
development programs. It is not enough just to make plans for the dynamic development of the economy, but it is necessary to analyze the actual results,
compare them with the forecast values and take timely measures to eliminate the constraints and
to increase the growth factors. The work carries out a study of the implementation of the forecasted
development of the economy of the Republic
of Mari El for 2016. The possibility of achieving
the criteria laid down for 2017–2018 is considered, the factors that have the strongest impact on this process are identified. The following summarizing indicators are considered as development indicators: gross regional product, index of industrial production and agricultural production, development of construction and trade turnover, as well as consumer price index, average income per capita, investment in fixed capital. Factor analysis of the development of the main sectors of the economy of the republic was carried out for an objective assessment of
the achievement of forecast values. The article also deals with the competitiveness of the republic's economy. The study of the problem is based on the operational and statistical information provided by the Federal statistics service in the Republic of Mari El, the Ministry of economic development and trade of the Mari El Republic and previously published
articles of the author. This article uses economic
and statistical methods.