VESTNIK 3(19) 2019
- Title:
- VESTNIK 3(19) 2019
- Number:
- 3
- Year:
- 2019
- Date publication on the site:
- 2019-10-23 14:14:21
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 15
THE EFFECT OF FEED ADDITIVES, PRODUCED USING LOCAL RAW MATERIALS, ON THE DIGESTIBILITY AND NUTRIENT USE OF DIETS OF YOUNG ANIMALS OF BEEF BREEDS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF YAKUTIA
UDC: 636.085.1(571.56)
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Nyurgustana M. Alekseeva; Paraskovya P. Borisova; Varvara V. Romanova;
The article presents the results of scientific and economic experiment on studying the influence of feed additives,
produced using local raw materials, on the metabolism of young animals of Kalmyk breed. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of feed additives, produced using local raw materials, on the digestibility and
nutrient use of diets of young animals of beef breeds in Yakutia. The research work was carried out in the APC
“Satabyl” of the Khangalassky ulus (region) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). For carrying out scientific and
business experiment, 4 groups of animals-analogues 10 animals each were formed taking into account age, body
weight, and physiological state. Zootechnical analysis of feed chemical composition was studed in the laboratory for
processing agricultural products and biochemical analysis of the FRC SB RAS YSRIA on the US NIRSCANER model
4250 analyzer. Nutrient use of rations by animals was determined by VIZh method, 1969. A balance experiment was
carried out to determine the degree of influence of feed additives, produced using local raw materials (wheat
“Prilenskaya 19”, barley “Tammi”, probiotic preparation “Sakhabactisubtil”), on the digestibility of ration nutrients.
During the balance experiment, the amount of food eaten, their residues were taken into account, feces were collected.
According to the scientific and economic experience, the diet of experimental groups in terms of energy nutrition
corresponds to VIZh standards (1985). The difference in feeding was that the animals of the I-experimental group
received brewer’s grains, mixed feed enriched with wheat “Prilenskaya 19” treated with “Sakhabaktisubtil” (10 ml),
the II-experimental group received brewer’s grains, mixed feed enriched with barley “Tammi” processed with
“Sakhabaktisubtil” (in the amount of 10 ml). The study on the use of feed additives produced using local raw materials:
wheat “Prilenskaya 19”, barley “Tammi”, brewer's grains, the drug “Sakhabaktisubtil” and table salt balanced the
diet for the missing nutrients and improved the palatability of the main feeds. Consumption of local feed additives
by the young animals from the experimental groups led to small differences in nutrient digestibility ratios. At the
same time, a high level of digestibility in young animals of the 1st experimental group as compared with the control
and the 2nd experimental group was set for dry matter by 1.5 and 0.4 %; organic matter 1.4 and 0.1 %; crude protein
by 2.1 and 1.2 %, crude fat by 1.8 and 1.0 % and crude fiber by 2.18 and 2.1 %, respectively.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF COVERED OATS VARIETIES BASED ON THE RESULTS OF STATE TESTING IN THE KOSTROMA REGION
UDC: 633.13:57.017.3
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Galina A. Batalova; Anna A. , , Eremina; Nadezhda V. Krotova; Elena N. Vologzhanina; Olga A. Zhuikova;
The contrast of soil and climatic conditions in the regions of grain crops cultivation assumes the use of cultivars
capable to form economically significant productivity in the conditions of instability of agro-climatic resources
and low fertility of zone soils. The results of studying of 8 covered oats cultivars on the State variety testing sites
(SVTS) of the Kostroma region in 2017–2018 are analyzed. The dependences of productivity on the location of a
variety testing site, the influence of growing year conditions (r = 0.56) are established. The most significant influence
was observed on the Galich SVTS (r = 0.73) and its absence – on the Manturovsk SVTS (r = –0.03). The productivity
varied from 20.7 c/ha for a standard cultivar Krechet on the Manturovsk SVTS in 2017 up to 62.9 c/ha for a cultivar
Ozon on the Galich SVTS in 2018. On the Galich SVTS, optimum conditions for the formation of high average
yield of oats equal to 53.4 c/ha in 2017 (I = 21.1730) and 33.5 c/ha in 2018 (I = 1.2359) are noted. The greatest
average yield is noted in a Berber cultivar (34.8 c/ha), with less variation within years and SVTSs (V = 28.9).
Berber oats showed the highest stress resistance (Y2 – Y1 = –30.1), high homeostaticity (Hi = 3.11) and genotype
stability (IS = 117.45; PUSS = 123.31) in the whole study. By the results of a variety testing, the covered oats cultivar
Berber is included in the State Registry and approved for use in production since 2019 in the North-Western region of
regionalization. For an objective assessment of a cultivar in the system of State testing, it is necessary to consider
that the first year of studying is carried out with the use of seeds obtained in breeding institution. The more favorable
the soil-and-climatic conditions and technological indicators of obtaining seeds are, the more likely the cultivar will provide a higher productivity on the SVTSs and vice versa. And only the second and subsequent years of variety
testing using seeds obtained on the SVTS allow us to give an objective assessment of the cultivar.
STRUCTURAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RICH DOUGH WITH MALT FROM CEREALS AND LEGUMES
UDC: 664.683
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Anna T. Vasyukova; Anatoliy A. Slavyanskiy; Alexander V. Moshkin; Irina A. Bogonosova; Sergei I. Okhotnikov;
The article provides basic information on the rheological characteristics of yeast dough using malt in the process of
its preparation. Malt is used as a natural baking powder. It also serves as an improver of the baking properties of
flour. Baked goods made with the addition of malt from cereals and legumes aquire uniform, fine porosity and
spicy bread aroma and taste. The aim of the research is to reveal the influence of malt from cereals and legumes on
the intensity of enzymatic processes of baking. The research objectives are: preparation for the fermentation process of
pea, barley, soybean, triticale, wheat and rye malt, the study of yeast raising power, baking of control and test samples
of wheat bread on the basis of the proposed leavens. Methods of research: organoleptic, reological, physical and
chemical. The results of the study and discussion. Dough mixing was carried out in two stages: setting the sponge
and mixing it with dough. The sponge was made of malt and yeast, flour and water. The dough was baked to a moisture
content of 44 %. Malt concentration was 1.0–3.0 %. Introducing malt of more than 3.0 % is not desirable. Activation
of dough fermentation was carried out through intensive mixing. It is found that dough loosening on activated yeast
and malt usage has values higher than the control. It was found that after 1 hour the indices of loosening of experimental
samples exceed the control by 2.2 times. The marked increase in dough fermentation rate persists towards the end
of the process. It was found that the degree of looseness of the experimental dough is 1.5 times higher than the control.
It is proved that the introduction of malt preparations leads to an intensification of the process of making dough from wheat flour. At the same time, the time of dough mixing is reduced by reducing the duration of fermentation on average
by 1.5–2 times. It depends on the dosage and type of malt applied. According to the results of organoleptic evaluation,
the high scores were obtained using wheat malt. It was noted that pea and barley malt are slightly inferior to wheat
malt in dough fermentation rate. Conclusions. The minimum score was fixed for wheat bread with rye malt.
ANALYSIS OF THE PARAMETERS CHARACTERIZING THE NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZERS IN INTACT LYMPHOCYTES IN CROSSBREED GOATS
UDC: 636.068
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Pavel M. Klenovitsky; Baylar S. Iolchiev; Vugar A. Bagirov;
Introduction. The state of the nucleolar apparatus, assessed by silvering is one of the criteria characterizing the
level of proliferation and protein biosynthesis in normal and pathological conditions. The number of NOR
in lymphocytes is species-specific and correlates with the number of ribosomal gene clusters. The connection
of the parameters characterizing the activity of the nucleolar organizers with the manifestation of polygenic traits
is noted. Purpose of the study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main characteristics of argyrophilic
regions in interphase lymphocytes of goats of different genotypes on the basis of computer analysis and to select
the main parameters for assessing the state of NOR using computer analysis. Materials and methods. The state
of the nucleolus apparatus was studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from cross-breeding goats of
four genotypes: cross-breeds of goats of Karachai and Boer breeds with hybrid F1 of Siberian ibex and domestic
goat, descendants of crossbreeding hybrids F1 and F2 of Siberian ibex with domestic goat and hybrids of F1 of
goats of Karachai breed with Caucasian wild goat. Image processing and analysis was performed using Image
Scope 1.0 software according to the above algorithm. Results, discussion. In most parameters characterizing the
state of the nucleolar organizers, crosses of the Karachai breed with F1 hybrid and hybrids of this breed with the
Caucasian wild goat were significantly (p ˂ 0.05) superior to crosses of goats of the Boer breed with F1 hybrid.
A strong correlation (r > 0.80; p < 0.001) was observed between the optical densities DN and DF, the difference
between these densities with the total area of AgNOR and the optical equivalent of bound silver (OENOR). Conclusion. To assess the state of the nucleolar system, it is advisable to take into account the number of AgNOR,
as well as the average optical densities of AgNOR (DNOR), the nucleus (DN), and the AgNOR-free zone (DF).
NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR COLLECTING BEE VENOM
UDC: 638.1
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Boris F. Lavrentiev; Maksim S. Koval;
Bee venom is a product of the secretory activity of bee venom glands, and is part of many drugs and is highly
valued in medical practice. Collecting bee venom in our country will allow us to solve the most important problem
of import substitution and provide the domestic pharmaceutical industry with our own raw materials. Currently,
the most common technologies for collecting bee venom are electric methods of collecting bee venom due to
irritation of bees with electrical signals of a certain frequency and shape. Under the influence of annoying signals,
the bees sting the glass in the venom receivers, leaving venom on it, then the glass is removed from the venom
receiver and, in laboratory conditions, the venom is removed from the glass. The main disadvantages of all currently
existing electric technologies for collecting bee venom are the low productivity of the beekeeper in collecting
bee venom, the inability to set an individual operating mode for each beehive when collecting venom depending
on the state of the bee colonies, and the high cost of the venom collection system due to the need to have wire
lines for each hive, a central device for generating annoying signals and transport devices for equipment moving
and difficulties in operating bee venom collection system. The proposed technology of collecting bee venom can
significantly increase the beekeeper’s labor productivity through the use of an individual block of generating annoying
signals in each hive, reduce the cost of the equipment and significantly increase its reliability by eliminating the central
device for generating annoying signals and all wired communication lines with the hives. The article provides a block
diagram of bee venom collection system “Muksh 7”, which uses the proposed technology for collecting bee venom
and describes its operation. In 2020, it is planned to conduct field trials of the bee venom collection system “Muksh 7”,
with the proposed technology for collecting venom in apiaries of the Mari El Republic.
SPRING TRITICALE – A PROMISING CROP FOR THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL
UDC: 631.52.11;633.15
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Yuri A. Lapshin; Vladimir A. Maksimov; Rimma I. Zolotareva;
One of the most accessible ways to stabilize the production of feed grain in the north-east of the European territory
of Russia is to expand the species and varietal diversity of forage crops, in particular, by increasing the acreage
of triticale. The study of grain productivity of spring triticale varieties, depending on the level of mineral fertilizers,
was conducted in the Mari Research Institute of Agriculture – branch of the FASC of the North-East in a two-factor
experiment: Factor A is a cultivar of spring triticale: Rovnya (St), Saur, Khaykar, Dobroe, Zaozerye. Factor B –
mineral fertilizers: Control (without fertilizers), N30P30K30, N60P60K60, N90P60K60.The tested varieties are able to
form a high yield of grain and total biomass. With an increase in the rate of mineral fertilizer application, the
duration of the growing season increased. The most late-ripening varieties were Dobroe and Zaozerye. Varieties
Saur, Dobroe and Khaykar provided almost the same level of productivity against the background of the main
application of N60P60K60 and N90P60K60, no significant increase of grain yield (LSD05 – 0.21 t/ha) from increasing the
dose of nitrogen was identified. Yields in the Saur variety were 4.74 and 4.69 t/ha, in Dobroe variety – 5.02 and
5.03 t/ha, in Khaykar variety – 5.34 and 5.36 t/ha, respectively. Variety Rovnya (St) in grain yield was not inferior
to all tested varieties only against an unfertilized background. The efficiency of mineral fertilizers on Zaozerye
and Saur varieties was higher when applied at a dose of N60P60K60. The maximum yield of 5.47 t/ha was formed
by plants of Zaozerye variety, the increase in relation to the variant without the use of fertilizers was 0.66 t/ha,
or 13.7 %. The highest payback of mineral fertilizers by yield increase was revealed in two versions of the
experiment – when cultivating the Dobroe and Khaykar triticale varieties against the background of the main
fertilizer application at a dose of N60P60K60 and amounted to 5.6 and 5.7 t/ha, respectively.
THE CASE OF POULTRY MYCOSIS CAUSED BY FUSARIUM PROLIFERATUM ISOLATE
UDC: 615.9:582.282:636.5
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Ramziya M. Potekhina; Lilia E. Matrosova; Evgeniya Yu. Tarasova; Eduard I. Semenov ;
Fusarium fungi are widely distributed in the environment, found in soil and plants. Fusarium proliferatum,
a fungal fungus of the genus Fusarium, often provokes mycoses in animals and birds. The article describes
the case of bird damage with the toxigenic isolate Fusarium proliferatum, which occurred at a private farm in the
Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of the research is to elucidate the causes of damage to the skin of the legs and
weight loss of birds at the age of 6 months. The object of the study was samples of feed and pathological
material from sick and dead birds. Mycological studies of feeds included determination of the total number of fungi,
identification and toxicity and toxigenicity test of isolated isolates. Microscopic fungi were isolated by serial dilutions
with further plating on agar media. Differentiation and determination of generic and species affiliation was
carried out according to the identifiers of microscopic fungi. The toxicity of fungal isolates was determined by the
accelerated method using protozoa, as well as by staging a biological test on white mice and a skin test method on a
rabbit. Mycological examination of pathological material from dead birds revealed fungi of the genus Fusarium,
Penicillium and Candida. Fusarium proliferatum showed toxicity on biological objects (protozoa, white mice)
from the isolated isolates. During the first minutes, death of more than 90 % of protozoa was recorded. With intraperitoneal
injection of a suspension of Fusarium proliferatum, white mice died within 12 hours. Cutaneous application
of the suspension of Fusarium proliferatum was accompanied by skin redness of rabbits. The feed was investigated
as a factor for introducing the pathogen. Microscopic fungi of the genus Mucor, Penicillium, Fusarium
and Rhizopus were isolated from the feed of the poultry farm, in which damage to the skin and death of birds were recorded. Test feed and isolated Fusarium proliferatum micromycete showed toxicity. Based on the results
of the studies, recommendations for preventive and therapeutic measures were given to the poltry farm.
SEARCH FOR EFFECTIVE T-2 TOXIN ADSORBENTS
UDC: 619:615.9:661.183.2
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Evgeniya Yu. Tarasova; Eduard I. Semenov; Almaz R. Valiev; Lilia E. Matrosova;
T-2 toxin has the strongest toxic effect and belongs to the secondary metabolites of the globally widespread fungi
of the genus Fusarium – cereal contaminants that can affect food at any stage. T-2 toxin is considered as one of the
main immunosuppressive factors in animal feed, which in turn predisposes to the development of infectious diseases,
leads to a decrease in productivity, which entails significant economic losses. At the same time, it is very difficult to
prevent mycotoxicosis in the farm, since mycotoxins are resistant to thermal, mechanical and chemical treatments.
Therefore, the search for new effective and, most importantly, available means for the treatment and prevention of
mycotoxicosis is highly relevant. The staff of the mycotoxin laboratory of the Federal Center for Toxicological,
Radiation and Biological Safety has extensive experience working with adsorbents of mycotoxins of various
nature. In this article, we studied the adsorption capacity in vitro of natural materials of various structures in
relation to T-2 toxin in comparison with commercial preparations. To determine the adsorption capacity, 50 μl
of T-2 toxin in methanol with a concentration of 1 μg / μl and the studied sorbents (bentonite of Biklyansky and
Tarn-Varsky deposits, zeolite Maynsky, halloysite, Clinofid, Toxfin, Toksipol) were added to test tubes containing
5 ml of water – salt solution in an amount of 50 mg, the test tube without the addition of a sorbent served as a control.
Next, the exposure was carried out with constant shaking for 30 minutes, at pH 7.0 and 2.0 (modeling pH in the
stomach), at 37 ° C, then the solution was filtered, the toxin was re-extracted from the filtrate into chloroform three times with 20 ml each, chloroform extracts were combined and evaporated dry on a rotary evaporator.
To determine desorption, 5 ml of a solution were added to sediments containing the complex (T-2 toxin + sorbent),
in which an alkaline medium pH = 8.0 was created (modeling pH in the intestine). Qualitative and quantitative
determination of residual amounts of T-2 toxin in the dry residue was performed by thin- layer chromatography
with bioautographic completion. During the experiment, we showed for the first time that halloysite nanotubes
have pronounced sorption properties against T-2 toxin and are promising for further study in in vivo experiments
as a potential means of preventing and treating mycotoxicosis.
THE EFFECT OF GENOTYPICAL FACTORS ON LIFELONG PRODUCTIVITY OF BLACK-AND-WHITE COWS
UDC: 636.082
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Svetlana V. Titova;
The aim of the research was to study the influence of genetic factors (genotype, line of the stud bull, productivity
of female ancestors) on longevity and lifelong productivity of cows of black-and-white breed. Retrospective data
analysis of breeding records for retired cows at ZAO BF “Semyonovsky” in the Republic of Mari El was carried
out. A reliable effect of the genotype and linear belonging of bull-fathers on productive longevity and lifelong
milk yield of daughters was established. The descendants of purebred bulls of black-and-white breed for
6.09 lactations milked 33437 kg of milk, which is 2.56 lactations and 11510 kg of milk more than peers.
The daughters of the A. Adem line bulls were characterized by the longest period of use (6.83 lactations) and
high lifelong milk yield (43037 kg). For a long period, 5.95 lactations with a lifetime milk yield of 36075 kg
of milk, the descendants of bulls, from mothers with low productivity, were exploited. As the longevity of
the bulls’ mothers increased, the period of productive use and the lifetime milk yield of the bulls’ daughters
increased. Depending on the quality of cow-mothers, a pattern of changes in the indicators of productive longevity
in daughters was revealed. Daughters from the worst cows-mothers were less active in milking, but had high
productive longevity (4.0 lactations). With an increase in the productivity of mothers, daughters increased the
intensity of milking and milk yield for the 1st lactation, but the period of operation was reduced. There was
a positive correlation “mother-daughter” (r = +0.18) in milk yield for the 1st lactation, and negative correlation –
milk yield for the 1 lactation of mothers with productive longevity (r = –0.24) and lifetime milk yield (r = –0.21)
of daughters. The proportion of mothers’ influence on the analyzed signs was low.
PROMISING VARIETIES OF SPRING OATS FOR CULTIVATION IN CONDITIONS OF SEMI-ARID AREAS OF NORTHERN CASPIAN DEPRESSION
UDC: 633.2.033.2
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Valentina А. Fedorova; Nina A. Naumova; Yuliya P. Tarasenkova; Dmitriy P. Polyakov;
Introduction. Oats is a widespread forage crop. In areas with a complex nature of climatic conditions, not only
increasing the yield of the crop, but also the issues of its stability is of particular importance. Therefore,
the creation of highly adaptive varieties that can form high and stable yields of high-quality oat grain in different
growing conditions is relevant and timely. The purpose of our research is to evaluate promising oat varieties
in terms of yield and adaptability parameters on the basis of the results of their agroecological testing on arid
agricultural lands of the Northern Caspian region. Materials and methods of research. The objects of the study
were 7 varieties of oats of domestic selection (Kuryanin, Bulanyi, Lev, Arman, Urman, Pokrov, Assol), as
a standard – the zoned variety Konkur. Varieties were tested in 2016–2018. Observations and accountings were
carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. Agricultural technology is generally accepted for
the conditions of the North of the Astrakhan region. The results of the study, discussion. According to the
results of three-year studies, the highest grain yield showed varieties Lev, Assol and Urman – 0.94 t/ha, 1.21 t/ha
and 1.33 t/ha, respectively. Varieties of Urman, Assol, and Arman were distinguished by a complex of economically
valuable traits, whose grains varied from 10 to 15 pieces, and the grain weight per panicle was 0.52 g, 0.32 g,
and 0.31 g, respectively. Urman and Assol varieties had the highest mass index of 1000 seeds – 33.6 g. and 33.1 g,
respectively. Conclusion. The highest level of adaptive capacity was shown by varieties Lev, Urman and Assol
with an adaptability coefficient above one (1.1 to 1.4).
MODELLING OF PRODUCTION AND FINANCIAL INDICATORS IN CLASSIFICATION GROUPS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF THE MARI EL REPUBLIC
UDC: 332.1
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Tatyana A. Ignasheva;
Introduction. The article is devoted to the formation of identification technique of statistical dependences among the
existing types of industrial activity in the Republic of Mari El from production and financial indicators of their
functioning according to the allocated classes in terms of production volumes and profitability level. The application
of induction method allows revealing concrete impact of each factor on the activities of industrial enterprises,
to characterize the differences in the level of production and financial state between the types of industrial activity. Purpose: modeling of production and financial indicators in classification groups of industrial enterprises of the Mari El
Republic. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of Maristat statistical data using regression
analysis method, allowing us to obtain inductive statistical dependences of the region industrial sphere functioning
in the context of classification groups of their production volumes. Results, discussion. As a result of modeling of
a balanced financial result in the classification groups factors were identified the variation of which has a direct impact
on the change of the effective trait. So, in the first cluster change of balanced financial result is influenced by change of
producer price index and profitability of the sold goods; in the second cluster – change of profitability of the sold
goods, return on assets and production index; in the third classification group – a change in return on assets and
producer price index. The least profitable sectors include the sectors of the third cluster: extractive industries; textile
and clothing production; manufacture of leather, leather products and footwear; chemical production; manufacture
of rubber and plastic products; production of other non-metallic mineral products; production of vehicles
and equipment; other production. Conclusion. The analysis of the constructed models allows to reveal the most
essential factors determining the effectiveness of industrial enterprises in the region, which allows a targeted impact
on these indicators in the formation of production and financial programs for the prospective development of
industrial activities of the Mari El Republic in order to increase the volume and quality of manufactured products.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN REGIONS
UDC: 338:631
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Matvey S. Oborin;
Introduction. Agriculture is one of the priority sectors contributing to the strategic development of the state.
In the regions of the country it is difficult to ensure sustainable growth due to the accumulated structural,
economic and social problems. Areas with agricultural specialization are unattractive for young people seeking
to move to large cities and towns, the introduction of innovations and technologies that optimize production processes
is carried out slowly, requires significant capital investments. Productivity and cost level in the industry
depends on the degree of wear and tear of the main equipment and agricultural machines. In this regard,
the analysis and assessment of the main socio-economic problems hindering the development of agriculture
in the regions of the country seems to be an important area of research. Objective. To identify the main socioeconomic
problems of agricultural development and determine the directions for their solutions in the regions of
the country. Materials and methods. Statistical analysis, system and situational approaches to assessing industry
performance in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The results of the study, discussion. The article
studied the works of different authors, their views on the problems of agriculture, identified the main problems
of socio-economic nature, and analyzed the following indicators: dynamics of the rural population, number of
villages, coefficient of equipment renewal, number of new equipment, dynamics of investment in agriculture. The information and analytical base was the data of official statistics. According to the results of the work, the main
problems of the industry were identified and measures to solve them were proposed. Conclusion. The problems
of agricultural development in many regions of the country are associated with the difficult socio-economic
situation of the territories with agricultural specialization, therefore, a set of measures aimed at improving
the quality of life and technical modernization of industrial enterprises is necessary.
STATISTICAL STUDY OF SOCIAL AND LABOR SPHERE OF THE SAMARA REGION
UDC: 316.44
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Olga F. Pyatova; Tatyana V. Shumilina;
The social the labor sphere plays an important role in the state and development of the regional economy.
According to the indicators of its development, one can to some extent assess the standard and quality of living
of the population. Insufficient accounting of the processes occurring in it leads to the emergence of new problems
and contradictions in this area. The object of the research is the social and labor sphere of the Samara region.
The subject of the study is the indicators characterizing the state and development trends of the object of study.
The article is made on an actual topic, since the state of the social and labor sphere is one of the main indicators
of the effectiveness of the current social policy not only in a particular region, but also in the country as a whole.
Purpose: study of the social and labor sphere of the Samara region and determination of its position in the
Volga Federal District. Materials and methods: theoretical analysis method, comparison method, methods of
economic and statistical analysis. Results of research, discussion. For the period from 2013 to 2017, the average
income per capita in the Samara region increased by 123 rubles. The ratio of funds decreased to a level of
12.2 times, which indicates a high degree of stratification of society. Over the period under review, the total
birth rate decreased in the region. In terms of the growth rate of the composite indicator for the study period,
it is in 6th place among the regions of the Volga Federal District. This characterizes the negative trends
in the social and labor sphere of the Samara region. Conclusion. Constant collection and analysis of information
on the processes occurring in the social and labor sphere of the region will allow identifying bottlenecks
and promptly making effective management decisions to increase the effectiveness of socio-economic programs
operating in the region.
ON DETERMINING THE SET OF WAREHOUSE BASES IN A CONVENTIONAL ECONOMIC REGION WITH PARALLEL DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL LOGISTICS
UDC: 338.28
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Rodion S. Rogulin; Valery I. Maksimenko; Marina O. Smoley; Eva S. Pugacheva; Vladislav V. Matveev; Darya V. Zlobina;
The purpose of this article is to derive an economic and mathematical model that allows, on the one hand, to determine
the area of production based on the cost of production costs, on the other hand, to determine the volume of production
and the volume of transported goods from the point of production (warehouse) to the consumer (customer).
The difficulty is to comprehensively take into account all the problems described above when solving such a problem.
If we solve this problem sequentially, that is, isolate the subtasks and solve them separately, and at the end go through
all the subtasks to get a solution, then from a strictly mathematical proof it follows that the solution may not be optimal,
which contradicts the purpose of this article. Methods and algorithms for solving such a nontrivial combinatorial
problem were reviewed. A complex mathematical formulation of the problem (mathematical model) in the framework
of linear integer programming is presented as scientific novelty. Since all algorithms for finding the optimal solution
are known and well developed, when solving problems of any linear programming, this fact significantly simplifies the
speed of finding the optimal solution. This article proposes a comprehensive solution to three linear programming
problems: transport problem, maximum flow problem, center allocation problem. The proposed model can be used at
any enterprise where it is necessary to find the optimal combinatorial option for delivery from a warehouse in order
to minimize the cost of transporting finished products. The task we are solving first appeared at a timber processing cal
data came was an organization that has a full production cycle, including extraction, processing of raw materials,
production in the broadest sense of the word, transportation capabilities, additional capital to expand the warehouse
base.The result of the article is, firstly, the derivation of a mathematical complex model, and secondly, the implementation
of the model and algorithm for finding the optimal solution in a high-level programming language, which allows
the reader to use hardware to solve similar problems in production.
Отзыв из печати статьи
UDC:
Section: RETRACTION
Authors:
Retracted article: Gumarova F.Z. Investitsionnaya politika regiona kak instrument povysheniya
konkurentosposobnosti APK Respubliki Marii El [Investment policy of the region as a tool for
improving competitiveness of agrarian and industrial complex of the Republic of Mari El].
Vestnik of the Mari State University. Chapter “Agriculture. Economics”. 2015, no. 3, pp. 5359
(In Russ).
This article by Faina Z. Gumarova (E-mail: gumarovaf@mail.ru) has been retracted (i. e. withdrawn
from the press) by the editor with permission of the author and publisher.
The reason for the article retraction is duplicate publication: the author has published the same article
under the title “Investment policy of the region as a tool for improving competitiveness of agrarian
and industrial complex of the Republic of Mari El” in the journal “Fundamental'nye issledovaniya”
[“Fundamental research”] (2014, no. 11–12, pp. 2677–2680).
The Editorial Board apologizes for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused.