VESTNIK 2 (22) 2020
- Title:
- VESTNIK 2 (22) 2020
- Number:
- 2
- Year:
- 2020
- Date publication on the site:
- 2020-07-17 09:28:15
- Full journal in PDF:
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Content all 18
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN THE CULTIVATION OF VARIOUS VARIETIES OF WINTER RYE
UDC: 633.1:631.82
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Vasiliy D. Abashev; Fedor A. Popov; Evgenia N. Noskova; Elena V. Svetlakova;
Introduction. Winter rye is an important food and fodder crop in the Northeast region of the Russian Federation.
The use of fertilizers is the main means of ensuring high crop yields at timely and high-quality execution
of other agricultural techniques. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the impact of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield capacity of various cultivars of winter rye bred in FASC North-East.
Materials and methods. Influence of increasing doses (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg/ha of acting matter) of complete mineral fertilizer on the yield capacity of winter rye of the following cultivars: Vyatka 2, Golubka, Dymka,
Kirovskaya 89, Falenskaya 4, and Grafinya were studied in a long-term (1974–2019) stationary experiment with
six-field grain-grass crop rotation. The soil of the test area is sod-podzolic loam formed on the eluvia of Permian
clays. Liming was not carried out, organic fertilizers were not used; mineral fertilizers were applied for presowing cultivation; ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate and potassium chloride were used. Winter rye
was cultivated after complete fallow, in the fourth rotation of crop rotation – after clover of the second year of
use. The research results showed that the application of mineral fertilizers even at a minimum dose
(N30Р30К30) gives a reliable increase in productivity of all studied cultivars compared to control without fertilizers. On average, over 25 years, the largest increase in yield was obtained at a maximum fertilization dose ‒
2.24 t/ha. At the same time, the highest payback of 1 kg of the active substance of fertilizers by grain during the
same period is obtained when applying the minimum dose of fertilizers – 10.6 kg. The assessment of economic
efficiency showed that the minimum dose of fertilizers provides the lowest cost of 1 ton of grain (3975 rubles)
with 76.1 % of the total production profitability.
CHANGE OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS PARAMETERS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF COVERED OATS USING LIQUID MINERAL FERTILIZER
UDC: 633.13:631.81:581.132
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Galina A. Batalova; Eugene M. Lisitsyn; Elena N. Vologzhanina; Galina P. Zhuravleva;
Introduction. Indicators of photosynthetic activity of plants (leaf area, pigment content) can be regulated both
by selection of cultivars and agricultural techniques, including top-dressing with nitrogen-containing fertilizers.
The aim of the article is to evaluate the effect of liquid mineral fertilizer carbomide-ammonia mixture with
sulfur on the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus and the productivity of covered oats. Materials
and methods. Studies were carried out in the FASC North-East (Kirov) on sod-podzolic middle loam soils.
The objects of the research are oat cultivar 325h12 and liquid mineral fertilizer CAS 28. Trial options: time
of treatment (tillering and leaf-tube formation) and fertilizer doses (60 and 100 % of the recommended dose),
control – without treatment. The amount of pigments (chlorophyll a – Clh a, chlorophyll b – Clh b, carotenoids – Car) was estimated spectrophotometrically. Results of the study, discussion. In the experimental variants, the plant
dry matter yield exceeded the control: in ear formation stage – from 0.32 to 1.48 g with a control index of 2.18 g;
in grain formation stage – 0.19 - 2.36 g at absolute values of 3.12 - 5.31 g of dry matter per plant. Net productivity of photosynthesis was 2.58 g/(m2
× day) in control, and 0.42 to 5.39 g/(m2
× day) in the experimental variants.
The highest index was observed when the sowings were treated in the tillering phase at a dose of 60 % of the
recommended dose. The maximum leaf areas in the ear formation stage were in the variants of treatment in
tillering phase (122.12 and 121.85 cm2
). A statistically significant relationship was found between the plant leaf
area and the green mass yield (r = 0.967), dry matter yield (r = 0.940); between the flag leaf area and the same
productivity values (r = 0.715 and 0.561, respectively). The number of flag leaf pigments significantly influenced the formation of grain yield: Chl a (r = 0.945), Chl b (r = 0.926) and Car (r = 0.967). Significant correlations were noted in the ear formation stage between flag leaf area and content of Chl a (r = 0.465);
Chl b (r = 0.479), Chl/Car ratios (r = 0.603); for the second leaf r = 0.462; 0.505 and 0.591 respectively.
Conclusion. The positive influence of CAS 28 on photosynthetic apparatus and yield of oats cultivar 325h12
was established. The additional grain yield in the experimental variants was 1.76...2.88 t/ha. The maximum
leaf area in the ear formation stage (134.72 cm2
) and the grain formation period (122.12 cm2
) were observed
in the variant of crop treatment at the recommended dose in the tiilering stage.
METHOD OF CULTIVATION OF VARIOUS HYBRIDS AND VARIETIES OF WHITE CABBAGE IN THE CONDITIONS OF IRRIGATION OF THE ASTRAKHAN REGION
UDC: 635.649
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Anastasia N. Bondarenko ; Oksana V. Kostyrenko; Yevgeny N. Petrov; Dmitry V. Chernik;
Introduction. Providing the population with fresh white cabbage throughout the year allows us to solve the problem of year-round supply of fresh products to the population. It is known that late-ripening varieties of white
cabbage are well responsive to mineral nutrition and most demanding to soil fertility, however to obtain high and
stable yields and high-quality products natural growth regulators and biologically active substances are used in
the cultivation technology. For the first time in the conditions of light chestnut soil of the Astrakhan region, the
influence of leaf treatments with modern growth-stimulating drugs and mineral fertilizers aimed at increasing the
yield and quality of vegetable crops under drip irrigation was studied. The purpose of our research was to study
the effect of growth-stimulating drugs and mineral fertilizers aimed at increasing the yield and quality of white cabbage in the area of light chestnut soils of the Astrakhan region. In the course of 2018–2019, studies on the
cultivation of hybrids and varieties of white cabbage under drip irrigation were conducted on the irrigated
lands of the CAFSC RAS in the light chestnut soils of the Astrakhan region. Research methods. In solving
these tasks generally accepted methods in vegetable growing were used. In the course of the analysis,
two high-yielding hybrids of Gaaga F1 and Sati F1 were identified, which economically consumed water
on biological productivity using three-time treatment with the drug Novosil. Consumption amounted
to 118.9 m3
/t for Gaaga F1 hybrid, and 158.1 m3
/t for Sati F1 hybrid. The use of this drug led to a decrease
in water consumption in all samples. In General, for this variant, the water consumption coefficient was
in the range from 118.9 to 211.3 m3
/t. According to the results of the studies, the most productive hybrid was
distinguished ‒ Gaaga F1 in the variant with leaf treatment by the natural growth regulator Novosil, with a
yield of 62.2 t/ha and with an increase of +21.4 t/ha to the control variant; with such indicators, commodity
yield amounted to 57.4 tons per hectare.
VETERINARY AND SANITARY ASSESSMENT OF POULTRY MEAT WHEN USING DIARIN M3
UDC: 637.5.04
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Ali Kh. Volkov; Ellada K. Рapunidi; Sergey Yu. Smolentsev ;
Within the framework of the State program of the development of agriculture and regulation of markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food, a departmental project "Development of agroindustrial complex
branches providing accelerated import substitution of the main types of agricultural products, raw materials and
food"was developed, which aims to increase crop production by 14.3 percent to the level of 2015, and livestock
breeding by 10.2 percent. According to the national report "On the progress and results of the implementation of
the state program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food", high rates of production growth were noted in poultry industry. In order to continue to maintain
a high level of development and increase the competitiveness of Russian agricultural products and products
of their processing in the domestic and foreign markets, it is necessary to continue to modernize the sub-sector
in the entire technological chain. An important link in this chain is poultry feeding, the search for new fodder
products that meet the needs of poultry in complete protein, vitamins and other nutrients necessary for the full
growth and development of poultry. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the products of slaughter of
broiler chickens when adding Diarin M3 feed additive to the diet. Experiments were conducted on Hubbard
broilers (cross ISA-15) at the age of 30 days. Group 1 poultry received 4% lactic acid. Broilers of the 2nd group were fed with Diarin M3 (0.25 ml/kg of live weight). The third group was the control. The meat of poultry,
which was given Diarin M3, according to its organoleptic, physico-chemical and bacteriological indicators,
met the requirements of State Standards for fresh, high-quality meat.
BEST PRACTICES IN CORN CROP DESICCATION
UDC: 633.15
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Aleksandr I. Volkov; Lyubov N. Prokhorova; Maxim V. Sivandaev;
In the climatic conditions of Chuvashia in 2016–2018 field experiments on desiccation of corn crops were carried out. Corn for grain was grown on cultivated sod-podzolic soil according to energy-saving technology, based
on autumn multi-depth disking and spring wheat stubble peeling, spring pre-sowing cultivation and sowing in
the second decade of May. The objects of research were: a hybrid Katerina SV (FAO 170) and desiccants –
Reglon super, Roundup extra, Zero super, Tornado. Crop care included spraying with herbicides “Dual Gold”
(1.6 l/ha) before corn seedlings and “Banvel” (0.8 l/ha) in the 3–5 leaf phase. The treatment of corn plants with
chemical preparations was carried out in recommended doses (2.0 l/ha) at a grain moisture content of 38–40 %,
based on the calculation of the consumption rate of a working solution of 200 l/ha in the experimental versions
two weeks before harvesting. The largest (5.1 %) decrease in humidity was recorded on the variant using Zero
super, and the smallest (2.2 %) on the variant using Reglon super. The variants with corn crops treatment with
desiccants Tornado and Roundup extra exceeded the minimum moisture reduction by 0.6 and 1.0 %, but were
inferior to the maximum value by 2.3 and 1.9 %, respectively. After treatment with desiccants, the moisture of
the cob leg decreased on average by 8.7–11.2 %, of the corn stalk by 6.4–9.6 %, of the cob shank by 3.3–5.6 %,
and of the corn husk by 0.7–1.9 % and of leaves – by 0.4–1.0 %. This contributed to the exclusion of moisture
exchange between them and the grain during post-harvest processing of the grain mass. Crop chemical treatment
reduced grain yield by an average of 0.04–0.09 t/ha. In general, desiccation of corn crops allows you to prepare
plants for mechanized grain harvesting.
AGROBIOLOGICAL VARIETY STUDY OF SESAME IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH OF THE ASTRAKHAN REGION
UDC: 633.853.74
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Vladimir A. Eremin;
Introduction. Indian Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) is an ancient plant whose seeds contain up to 60 % of oil,
20 % of protein, 17 % of soluble carbohydrates. High heat supply of the Astrakhan region allows you to grow
almost all groups of sesame seeds here – from ultra-early ripening to mid ripening. The aim of our research
is the agrobiological study of sesame samples and the selection of genotypes for productivity and early maturity
for breeding purposes. Materials and methods. In the experiment, 40 varieties of sesame seeds were studied.
Techniques of VIR, Zhivotkov L.A., Korneychuk V.A., Lukomets V.M were used for the research. Research
results and discussion. The vegetation period of the samples ranged from 92 to 124 days, of the standard
“Solnechnyˮ it was 100 days. The productivity of 1 plant varied from 4.0 g for a sample from China (VIR catalog
number 315) to 34.1 g for a variety sample from Turkmenistan No. 408 (VIR catalog number 784). The weight
of 1000 seeds varied from 2.6 to 3.6 g. The sample from India 311 was distinguished by large seed (3.6 g), compared
with the standard and other samples, 18 samples had medium seeds (3.0–3.4 g) and 20 samples had small seeds
(2.5–2.9 g). Productivity ranged from 0.4 t/ha for the variety sample from Uzbekistan (VIR catalog number 156)
to 3.5 t/ha for the variety sample from Turkmenistan (VIR catalog number 784). Conclusion. The results
of the study of 40 collection sesame samples in 2019 showed that the samples were characterized by early ripeness,
the growing season was from 92 to 120 days. As a result of the study, in terms of early ripeness (98–106 days), seed size (weight of 1000 seeds 3.0–3.6 g) and yield (2.5–3.5 t/ha), 7 samples were identified: 784 (Turkmenistan ), 188 (Turkey), 1855 (Kenya), 311 (India), 239 (Greece), 1506, 1509 (Venezuela).
INFLUENCE OF GROWTH STIMULANTS ON SPRING WHEAT YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY
UDC: 631.811.98:633.11"321"
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Albert N. Kuzminykh; Inga Ya. Dolgusheva Dolgusheva;
Introduction. Spring wheat is one of the main food crops in the Russian Federation. The main areas of soft
wheat cultivation are the South of Western and Eastern Siberia, the Altai territory, the South Urals, the Lower
Volga region and the Non-Chernozem region. In recent years, due to economic instability in the country's
agriculture, the use of fertilizers and plant protection products has been reduced to a minimum when growing
crops, as well as the culture of agriculture has decreased. In this regard, farmers need to improve agricultural
technologies. Purpose: to study the effect of growth stimulants Albit, Zircon and Epin on the yield and quality
of spring wheat grain. Material and methods. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2019 at the experimental field of the Mari State University. The soil of the experimental site was sod-slightly podzolic medium
loam. The technology of cultivation of spring wheat of Lada variety was generally accepted for the zone. Research results and discussions. The treatment of spring wheat crops with growth stimulants provided an
increase in grain yield and improved its quality. More effective was the use of Zircon, which allowed to get a
significantly high grain yield – 2.67 t/ha. In the variants with the use of Epin and Albit, the yield was lower by
4.2 and 4.9 %, and amounted to 2.56 and 2.54 t/ha, respectively. In comparison with the control variant, treatment of spring wheat crops with Epin also provided a significant increase in grain yield – 160 kg/ha. The low
fertility of sod-podzolic soils of the Republic of Mari El limits the formation of protein and gluten in wheat
grain, reduces its quality. However, as our research has shown, the use of growth stimulants improves the quality
of wheat grain, increases its suitability for baking purposes: grain protein content increased by 0.35–0.69 %, gluten content – by 0.8–1.7 % and grain hardness – by 8.1–10.8 %. When cultivating spring wheat using Zircon and
Albit, the quality of gluten was of the first group. Conclusion. The use of growth stimulants in modern agricultural technologies of spring wheat can become one of the ways to stabilize and increase productivity, improve
product quality. On average, over the years of research, the use of the growth stimulant Zircon was more effective, which allowed to obtain a reliably high grain yield – 2.67 t/ha, with a protein content of 11.63 %, gluten –
28.7 % of the first group of quality and with a grain hardness of 56.3 %.
MARKER-MEDIATED SCREENING OF POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT (PL-1 GENE) APPLE GENOTYPES
UDC: 634.11/12:631.524.86
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Aleksandr S. Lyzhin; Natalya N. Saveleva;
Introduction. Powdery mildew caused by phytopathogenic ascomycete fungus Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. et
Ev.) Salm. is one of the most common apple diseases in the world. Most existing apple varieties are susceptible
to powdery mildew. Therefore, the identification of the initial forms carrying the resistance genes is a necessary
step in the successful breeding of powdery mildew resistant varieties. The use of molecular markers will increase
the reliability of identification of valuable forms and the efficiency of the breeding process for creating sustainable apple genotypes. The purpose of the study: analysis of apple varieties and forms by the powdery mildew
resistance gene (Pl-1) and identification of promising genotypes. Materials and methods. The biological objects
of the study were apple varieties and wild species of varuois ecological and geographical origin. Apple
genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves according to the Diversity Arrays Technology P/L protocol.
To assess the allelic state of Pl-1 powdery mildew resistance gene the marker AT20-SCAR was used.
Results, discussions. Marker AT20-SCAR linked to the dominant Pl-1 allele was identified in the wild species
M. niedzwetzkyana K29422 (putative Pl-1 genotype is Pl-1Pl-1 or Pl-1pl-1). In the analyzed apple varieties and
wild species M. orientalis K29476, the marker AT20-SCAR was not detected (the putative genotype is pl-1pl-1).
Conclusion. The wild species M. niedzwetzkyana K29422 is characterized by powdery mildew resistance according to the allelic state of the Pl-1 gene, which allows it to be recommend as a source in breeding
for resistance to Podosphaera leucotricha.
DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXIN B1 AND VITAMIN A LEVELS IN AFFLATOXICOSIS OF RABBITS
UDC: 636.087.72:619:615.356
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Aisylu Z. Mukharlyamova;
The article presents the results of determining the amount of aflatoxin B1 and vitamin A in case of aflatoxin poisoning
of rabbits. The model of aflatoxicosis was chosen due to the fact that it represents one of the most dangerous groups of
mycotoxins, with pronounced carcinogenic properties, and affects the liver. The negative effect of the toxin on
the body can be minimized by the use of vitamin A, which effectively suppresses the formation of DNA adducts
under the action of aflatoxin B1. The experiment was carried out using 24 rabbits with a live weight of 3.5–4 kg,
divided according to the principle of analogues into four groups of 6 animals each. The first group served as a
biological control. Animals of the second, third and fourth groups received within 25 days (from 30 to 55 days)
the main diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 3 × MPC (maximum permissible concentration)
(75 mkg/kg of feed). During the whole experiment, rabbits of the third and fourth groups were additionally fed
an oil solution of retinol acetate at a dose of 1500 IU per individual for 55 days. Animals of the fourth group
additionaly received zeolite for 25 days (from 30 to 55 days). The duration of the experiment was 55 days. As a result
of the experiments, it was found that the consumption of a diet contaminated with aflatoxin leads to a decrease in
the amount of vitamin A in the blood serum of animals. At the same time, the combined use of retinol acetate
and zeolite in aflatoxicosis showed that the level of vitamin A in the blood decreased (remaining higher than that
of animals not receiving retinol acetate), which is associated with the property of zeolite to remove vitamin A
from the animal’s body. Moreover, research results show that the combined introduction of retinol acetate and
zeolite into the diet of rabbits with chronic aflatoxicosis prevents the accumulation of toxin in the liver.
INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS ON SEED INFECTION AND SEED QUALITY OF TOMATOES
UDC: 632.93:635.64:631.53.01:631.53.01
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Anastasia A. Sadovina; Olga G. Maryina-Chermnykh;
Introduction. Vegetable crops, including tomatoes, are the main source of vitamins, mineral elements, carbohydrates, pectin substances, organic acids, essential oils, phytoncids and have a high nutritional value. Tomato
culture in the Republic of Mari El, as well as other vegetable crops, is more or less affected by diseases already
in the seedling period, and the infectious onset of many diseases is preserved in the seeds. As a result, there is a
large loss of tomato seedlings, the yield decreases, and the product's presentation and taste quality deteriorates.
Protection of vegetable seeds, including tomato, from pathogenic microorganisms is the main criterion for
obtaining healthy seedlings and a good harvest. The use of protection products when processing tomato seeds
is the most effective method of plant protection and the use of biological preparations is environmentally appropriate. Objective: to study the effect of biological preparations on pre-sowing treatment of tomato seeds and
determine the species composition of pathogenic microorganisms. Materials and methods: the studies were
conducted in the laboratory, the object of study were tomato seeds and biological preparations. The results
of the discussion. According to the results of phyto-expertize, a complex of pathogens of phytopathogenic fungi
of the genus Alternaria, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Penicillium was identified on tomato seeds. Laboratory
studies have shown that when treating tomato seeds with bacterial-based preparations, the infection growth on the planting material decreased by 2 times, the laboratory germination of seeds and the growth of germination
energy increased. Conclusion. It was established that the specific composition of the microflora of the tomato
seed mass consisted of phytopathogenic mycobiota. The use of biological preparations (Bioagro-BF, Pseudobacterin-2, Rizoplan) in pre-sowing seed treatment halved the infectious background and increased the germination
rate and the growth of seed germination energy.
PLUM (PRUNUS DOMESTIKA L.) VARIETY TESTING IN THE FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENTIFIC CENTER OF THE NORTH-EAST NAMED AFTER N. V. RUDNITSKY
UDC: 634.22: 631.526.32
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Aleksandr P. Sofronov; Svetlana V. Firsova; Anatoliy A. Rusinov;
Introduction. The achievements in plum selection widened the range of varieties significantly; varieties have
appeared that are capable of giving a stable high-quality yield in areas located much north of the traditional regions of crop cultivation, including the Kirov region. In this regard, the collection of promising plum varieties
was established in the experimental orchard of FSBSI FASC of the North-East. The aim of research is to make
economic and biological assessment of introduced variety cultivars in the climatic conditions of the Kirov region
and identify more adopted ones. Materials and methods. The objects of the research are 12 plum varieties planted in 2012 and having different ecological and geographical origin. The studies were conducted in 2016–2019. The weather conditions of this period were varied and made it possible to objectively evaluate the studied varieties
according to economically valuable features. The records and tests were held according to generally accepted
methods. The results of research and discussions. The group of varieties with middle winter hardiness (the degree
of subfreezing in critical years was 2–3 points) was distinguished: Pamyat Timiryazeva (control), Eurasia 21,
No. 50, Smolinka, Seligerskaya, Zarechnaya Rannya. The samples such, as Vengerka Pulkovskaya, Norgen,
Sorgen, Vikana, showed themselves as not winter-hardy. The analysis of plum collection productivity showed
that only the control variety Pamyat Timeryazeva (156 c/ha) belonged to the group of productive varieties
(120–200 c/ha). The remaining varieties (1–44 c/ha) were classified as low-productive (less than 60 c/ha). Varieties Pamyat Timeryazeva and Smolinka are noted for their stable fruiting. Large-fruited variety Okskaya Krasavitsa (fruit mass was 32 g) was distinguished. Varieties Smolinka, Eurasia 21, Seligerskaya, No. 50 and Pamyat
Khasanova are assigned to the group of medium-fruited varieties (21–30g). Varieties Smolinka, № 50 and
Zarechnaya Rannya had dessert fruit flavour (4.5–5.0 points). Conclusion. Among the studied samples,
the variety that exceled the control variety Pamyat Timeryazeva in winter hardiness and productivity was not
distinguished. That is why it is necessary to continue work on searching and introduction of winter-hardy, high
and stable productive plum varieties. According to the combination of fruiting stability, the average fruit size
and high eating qualities, Smolinka variety was distinguished.
STUDY OF THE CYTOTOXIC ACTION OF IONIZED SILVER BASED DRUG
UDC: 619:615.9:576.535:619:618.14-002
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Evgeniya Yu. Tarasova ; Lilia E. Matrosova; Svetlana A. Tanaseva; Ramziya M. Potekhina;
Due to the fact that silver nanoparticles and ions have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity in relation to certain antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, preparations based on them are becoming increasingly popular. Despite
the widespread occurrence of postpartum endometritis of cows, and a considerable number of works devoted to
this problem, therapy issues remain insufficiently studied. In this article, the authors studied the cytotoxic effect
of the drug based on ionized silver with the aim of further introducing it into practice as an effective means of treating
and preventing postpartum endometritis of various etiologies in cows. The cytotoxic effect of the drug based on
ionized silver was studied on epithelial-like continuous line cells of LCE (lung of a cow embryo). To determine
the effect of the studied drug on the adhesive ability of cells, it was added in relation to the growth medium at concentrations of 25 and 50 %, respectively. Cells were cultured in 3 replicates. As control, the same concentrations of saline in the growth medium and the complete growth medium without dilution were used. A suspension
of LCE cells was added to the resulting solutions and 200 μl was dispensed at a final concentration of 1000 cells
per well with CIM-Plate chips. The change in cell impedance expressed in the value of the cell index was used
to determine the growth rate of the cell population under various conditions. To determine the effect of ionized
silver-based preparation on cell proliferation, a cell suspension of LCE in a complete growth medium was
dispersed at 200 μl per well with CIM-Plate chips at a final concentration of 1000 cells per well. 24 hours after
complete adhesion of LCE cells, the growth medium was removed from the wells, 25 or 50 % saline or preparation was added to the growth medium (n = 3). As control, the same concentrations of saline in the growth medium and growth medium without dilution were used (n = 3). The change in cell impedance, expressed in the value
of IP, determined the growth rate of the cell population under various conditions. Then the same culture of LCE
cells was stained for the detection of apoptotic cells. The number of cells in apoptosis was determined as
a percentage of the total number of cells using the Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit. It is shown that a preparation based on ionized silver, taking into account the dilution factor and, therefore, a small amount of nutrients,
both in wells with a test substance and in wells with physiological saline, does not affect the adhesive ability
and does not adversely affect life processes of LCE cell culture.
EVALUATION OF ADAPTABILITY OF ZUCCHINI IN THE ARID ZONE OF THE NORTH-WEST OF THE CASPIAN SEA REGION
UDC: 635.621.3; 631.8
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Natalya V. Tyutyuma; Anastasia N. Bondarenko; Lyudmila V. Bogosoryanskaya;
The introduction into the production of varieties and hybrids of zucchini with high adaptive potential will stabilize the production of vegetable and melon products in different years, both in terms of moisture and heat
supply. At the same time, hybrids and varieties of zucchini should first of all be environmentally adaptive and
have individual characteristics for changes in environmental factors. Evaluation of the response of varieties
and hybrids to changes in climatic conditions of cultivation will help to solve the problems with the selection
of varieties for each farm form. To analyze the productivity and adaptability of zucchini varieties and hybrids
by varying their productivity, the concept of “medium-sized yield” was adopted by the author of the methodology
(L.A. Zhivotkov, Methodology for identifying potential productivity and adaptability of varieties, 1994).
Comparison of the yield of the studied varieties and hybrids cultivated using growth-promoting preparations (Megafol and Vitazim) with two backgrounds of mineral fertilizers (N55P53K38, N110P105K75) was carried
out with the average yield for all compared varieties and hybrids under study. During 2016–2018, in the
conditions of land use of the FSBSI “Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy
of Sciences”, the most promising variants for the conditions of the north of the Astrakhan region with the
background application of mineral nutrition at a dose of N110P105K75, as well as growth stimulants, were identified
in the irrigated area in a three-factor field experiment during the growing season of zucchini plants under drip
irrigation. During field studies, it was found that high yields, and accordingly the proportion of yields relative
to the average variety (%), and adaptability coefficient were obtained on the options N110P105K75 + Megafol
and N110P105K75 + Vitazim. According to the results of three years of study, the hybrid of zucchini Masha F1
was the most productive relative to all hybrids and varieties under study, which was especially evident with
an increased dose of mineral nutrition N110P105K75 in combination with leaf treatments.
ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY OF WINTER RYE VARIETIES IN THE ARID ZONE OF THE NORTH OF THE ASTRAKHAN REGION
UDC: 633.14:631.527
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Valentina A. Fedorova;
The article presents the three-year (2017–2019) results of agroecological testing of winter rye varieties that are
promising for the conditions of the north of the Astrakhan region. As a criterion for the reaction of the studied
varieties to the prevailing meteorological conditions, their yield was used. Various meteorological conditions
during the research period contributed to a comprehensive assessment of the susceptibility of the studied varieties to
environmental conditions. The main goal of the research was to assess the ecological flexibility of promising winter
rye varieties of different ecological and geographical origin on the basis of “yieldˮ in the arid conditions of the north
of the Astrakhan region. Research materials and methods. The laying of experiments and conducting research
was carried out according to the method of conducting field experiments of B. A. Dospekhov. Environmental
flexibility was determined by the method of S. A. Eberhart, W. A. Rassell as presented by V. A. Zykin and others.
Results. The growing conditions were assessed according to the environment index. Only 2017 was the most favorable
year with a positive environment index (Ji = 0.21). The remaining two years of research were characterized by negative values of this indicator, with 2018 being the most unfavorable year (Ji= – 0.11). The ecological flexibility
was calculated using the linear regression coefficient (bi). As a result of the research, the varieties that are able to
fully realize their productivity in various agrometeorological conditions were identified. Conclusion. Among the studied varieties of winter rye, the highest response to the improvement of meteorological conditions during
the growing season was a variety of intensive type Valdai with an adaptability coefficient of 1.34 and flexibility
of 1.62. The selected variety was also characterized by the highest degree of correspondence between the genotype and contrasting environmental conditions with a genetic flexibility of 1.02.
MONITORING OF T-2 TOXIN IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN IN 2019
UDC: 619.615.33
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Ivan N. Shtyrov;
This study provides a picture of the spread of T-2 toxin in the Republic of Tatarstan. Fungi producers of T-2
toxin are widespread in the Republic of Tatarstan due to favorable climatic conditions for their spread and
growth. The high toxicity of T-2 toxin and its producers determines the need for its detection in feed and food
products. There are a number of methods for indicating T-2 toxin in feed, based on chromatographic analysis,
but they are very complicated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay does not require expensive equipment,
special training for employees performing the analysis and long sample preparation, which meets modern realities when there is a need to work with several dozen types of samples at once. The author examined 1191 samples (corn, wheat, barley, oats and mixed feed) from 10 regions of the Republic of Tatarstan for T-2 toxin
contamination. Of the 5 considered types of samples (corn, wheat, barley, oats and mixed feed) received from
the Republic of Tatarstan, corn showed the highest T-2 toxin contamination rates. So, the percentage of contamination of the total number of samples was 49–60 %, and in one sample the maximum concentration of T-2 toxin
was recorded – 298.9 μg / kg, which exceeds the MPC up to three times. When studying the distribution area
of T-2 toxin, the toxin was most often found in samples of corn, wheat and oats from the southern part
of the Republic of Tatarstan, but at the same time, samples from the northern part of the Republic of Tatarstan
had the highest percentage of T-2 toxin contamination.
FOOD RETAIL TRENDS
UDC: 338.001.36+332.144
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Anton L. Kulentsan; Natalia A. Marchuk;
Introduction. Food retail is one of the most important sectors of the Russian economy, it employs at least 5%
of the labor force of the population of our country. In this paper, retail was considered as the object of research.
The purpose of the study was to analyze the development of food retail in the Central Federal District, in the
Ivanovo, Vladimir and Yaroslavl regions. The objectives of the study were to assess retail development trends,
calculate the seasonality index and forecast the turnover of food retail in this district and regions. The relevance
of this study is due to the fact that food retail for these areas is one of the most promising sectors of the economy. The authors performed a comparative analysis of the main economic indicators characterizing the dynamics
of food retail turnover and calculated the forecast of these indicators. Materials and methods. The technique is based on the use of autocorrelation analysis. Research results and discussions. Comparative studies of food
retail turnover seasonality index were conducted in the Central Federal District, in the Ivanovo, Vladimir and
Yaroslavl regions. The demand for retail turnover was determined, with the lowest results in January – February
and the highest in November – December. The conducted research made it possible to forecast the food retail
turnover in the studied areas. Conclusion. Despite the economic situation in the Russian Federation, the results
obtained indicate that there will be a slight increase in food retail turnover.
FEATURES OF CPE IN THE RECLAMATION INDUSTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
UDC: 331.5+377.44+631.6
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Aleksandra A. Ugryumova; Lyudmila E. Pautova; Lyubov M. Tyurina;
Introduction. The modern system of continuing professional education (CPE) is essential to human resources
management in all industries. Such an understanding of the importance of professional education contributes to
its successful integration into the multi-level education system as well as reducing divisions within the sectoral
professional education infrastructure. The purpose of the study is to determine the scientific and practical features of
the continuing professional education of specialists of the Land Reclamation Department of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. Methods. Logical and situation analysis, data systematization method as well as mathematical and statistical primary data processing approach were used in the study. Results. The role of CPE for operational agencies specialists under the Land Reclamation Department of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian
Federation is justified; the main trends of CPE competitiveness formation for operational agencies specialists are identified. The industry employment structure by professional categories and age groups for 2015-2017 has been
studied for the majority of FSBI “Management of “Meliovodkhoz” organizations. The educational needs of the
CPE students have been studied, the practical importance of CPE integration into the Russian multi-level education system has been determined. Levels of CPE implementation as well as factors of CPE competitiveness for
operational agencies specialists under the Land Reclamation Department of the Ministry of Agriculture of the
Russian Federation are specified. An attempt has been made to identify directions for quality improvements of
the modern CPE programs aimed at the Land Reclamation Department specialists; a framework for CPE integration into the multi-level education system of the Russian agricultural sector is proposed. Criteria for evaluation
of integration process efficiency are proposed. Applicability of results. The results of the analysis can be used in
the development of state and regional CPE programs at various management levels. Conclusion. The article
specifies personnel trends in CPE functioning of regional Federal state budgetary institutions for land reclamation and agricultural water supply (FSBI “Management of “Meliovodkhoz”) under the Land Reclamation
Department of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION COOPERATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
UDC: 33.338.36
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Gennady I. Yakovlev ;
Introduction. The development prospects of international production cooperative relations of enterprises in the
digital economy are considered. Domestic enterprises are indispensable participants in the formation of global
value chains, which even in the conditions of sanctions confrontation shows the prevalence of economic interests
over political ones in the global market. Goals. It is necessary to develop problems of organizing international
production cooperation in priority areas and in the interests of ensuring industrial policy that ensures the competitiveness of enterprises in the context of the digital economy. Materials and methods. The principles
of a comprehensive analysis of the processes of industrial development occurring in the world economy, the dynamics
of international production cooperation and import substitution were applied; as well as methods of international
comparisons, a set of key competencies of enterprises based on the study of comparative competitive advantages and
cross-cultural characteristics of representatives of enterprises in different countries, updated by the requirements of digital transformation. Results of investigation, discussions. Despite the actions of restrictive factors, joint
cooperative projects are growing both in quantity and scale, especially in the production of automobiles, agricultural
machinery, automation and digitalization of production, pharmaceutical and food industries. The positive
dynamics of attracting foreign investment and advanced technologies is influenced by a low level of risks, as well as
high international ratings of the investment and business climate, sufficient infrastructure conditions for industrial
business, tax incentives, and a large domestic market in Russia with qualified consumers. Conclusion. A significant
effect for the development of innovative competitive entrepreneurship is an increase in the depth of localization
of production in cooperative projects, the increasing involvement of various technical and economic factors
in the regions for the production of manufacturing products at enterprises with foreign investment.