VESTNIK 4 (24) 2020
- Title:
- VESTNIK 4 (24) 2020
- Number:
- 4
- Year:
- 2020
- Date publication on the site:
- 2021-01-28 12:56:15
- Full journal in PDF:
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Content all 16
QUALITY INDICATORS OF DRIED GOAT MILK PRODUCED BY FREEZE-DRYING
UDC: 637.137
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Natalia O. Burova; Tatiana V. Kabanova;
Abstract. Introduction.Despite the indisputable advantages of goat milk, it is little used, as a product in our country. At the same time, the level of its use in the world is very high, which is associated with the advantages and characteristics of goat milk and scientists’ recommendations on its use in the nutrition of children from a veryyoung age. At the same time, buying high-quality goat milk in Russia is a real problem, which is associated with the peculiarities of its storage and the changein the entire spectrum of the estimated indicators of goat milk dur-ing storage. Milk drying can be an alternative, but with a traditional drying scheme, significant quality losses are noted. At the moment, there is a technology for freeze drying of liquidproducts, which allows you to preserve the vitamins and enzymes of goat milk, due to the use of low drying temperatures. Materials and methods.Deter-minationof organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological parameters of freeze-dried goat milk powder was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Research results, discussion.Organoleptic characteristics of goat milk meet the requirements of technical specifications. Also, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the taste and smell of the studied milk samples were quite pleasant and did not have a pronounced taste of goat milk. The obtained data of physicochemical tests in the study of the composition of dry samples are also within the limits permissible for dry canned milk. In terms of safety indicators, the samples obtained comply with the requirements of TR CU 033/2013 "On the safety of milk and dairy products". Conclusions.The produc-tion of freeze-dried goat milk powder is a unique technology for the RF food industry,while there are currently no methods for assessing the quality of this product. The quality assessment in the article was carried out for compliance with the parameters for cow milk and showed the high quality of powdered whole goat milk for a number of studied parameters, including safety.
ADAPTIVE PROPERTIES AND FEATURES OF PRODUCTIVITY FORMATION OF BELARUSIAN OAT VARIETIES
UDC: 633.13:631[526.3+559]
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Anton G. Vlasov; Sergey P. Khaletsky; Tamara M. Bulavina;
Abstract. Introduction.In world agriculture, oats ranks fifth in terms of acreageamong grain crops. According to this indicator, Belarus is among the 20 countries leading in terms of oats acreage. Over the past 30 years, oats plantings in the republic have decreased by more than 2 times and amount to 148–165 thousand hectares, with a yield of 22.6–32.8 c/ha. The varieties bredby RUE “Research and Practical Center of National Academy of Sci-ences of the Republic of Belarus for Arable Farming”occupy 99 % of the sown area of thiscrop. The research was aimed at evaluating Belarusian oat varieties based on their reaction to environmental conditions and creating a model of the variety's productivity. Materials and methods. According to the generally accepted methods of S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell, L. A. Zhivotkova, the adaptive abilities of oat varieties from different years of inclusion in the register, approved for use in Belarus, were evaluated. Research results and discussions.The highestaverage grain yield (65.6–65.8 C /ha) was formed with intensive cultivation technology in Fristail and Shansvarieties. It was found that the varieties Mirt(bi = 1.02; S2di= 0.01), Stralets(1.11; 0.56), Zapavet(1.06; 1.17) and Fristail(1.0; 0.64) have high plasticity and stability. Agraphical model of sowing productivity, including the following indicators: the number of plants per 1 m2, the number of productive stems per 1 m2, productive tillering, 1000-grain weight, the number of grain perpanicle, and yieldhas been compiled. It was found that the increase in yield of created new varieties was provided by breeding to increase the panicle graincontent and grain size. Correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between these indicators and productivity (r = 0.98). Conclusion.Modern Belarusian oat varieties are more adaptive to changes in weather conditions and are able to provide high yields when using intensive cultivation technologies.
USING NO-TILL IN CORN CULTIVATION
UDC: 631.51:633.15
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Aleksandr I. Volkov; Lyubov N. Prokhorova; Oleg O. Sidorov;
Abstract. Introduction. The urgent problem of modern agriculture is the transformation of traditional methods of soil cultivation into resource and energy saving technologies for the cultivation of agricultural crops. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of no-till on the yield of green mass and the economic efficiency of corn cultivation. Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on sod-podzolic light loamy soils of the Chuvash Republic in 2018−2020. 11 corn hybrids were studied: ROSS 140 (control), Voronezhskiy 158 SV, Kaskad 166 ASV, Katerina, Kubanskiy 170, Amatus, Kaskad 195 SV, ROSS 199, Falkon, Gitago, Delitop. The no-till technology was based on the autumn spraying of the predecessor field (spring wheat) with the “Zero” continuous herbicide and the spring sowing with the “Amazone” complex with the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N90P60K60 in the second decade of May. Crop maintenance included treatment with “Dual Gold” herbicides prior to corn emergence and with “Banvel” at 3−5 corn leaves. Harvesting was carried out in the first decade of September. Results, discussion. The plant density on the experimental plots varied from 78.5 to 82.0 thousand units/ha. The plants of
the hybrids Gitago (302.2 cm), Delitop (295.5 cm) and Falkon (288.9 cm) turned out to be the tallest, and the plants of the hybrid ROSS 140 (230.1 cm) were the shortest. The largest (40.5 and 40.2 %) share of ears in the harvest was observed in the hybrids Gitago and Amatus. Plants of the Amatus hybrid formed the largest (41.0 %) amount of dry matter in the experiment. The maximum yield of green mass (45.6 t/ha), the highest (9.1 t/ha) collection of feed units and the level of profitability (136.0 %) were revealed in the variant with the Gitago hybrid, and the minimum values of these indicators (28, 3 and 5.7 t/ha; 85.2 %) turned out to be in the hybrid ROSS 140. Conclusion. All the studied corn hybrids showed themselves on the positive side, but the most promising
in agronomic and economic terms when using no-till are the Gitago, Delitop and Amatus hybrids.
TASTING EVALUATION OF BROILER MEAT GROWN USING PLANT-BASED DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
UDC: 637.5.04
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Ellada K. Рapunidi; Sergey Yu. Smolentsev; Alsu N. Gainetdinova; Leysan V. Abdullina;
Abstract. The main tasks that need to be solved by poultry farmers today are to achieve the highest productivity and reduce production costs. There is a need to create external conditions and changes in the body of chickens
to achieve these results, and to full realization of the genetic potential of modern crosses and breeds. Among the methods, due to the implementation of which the necessary changes in the body are achieved, is the use of substances that are biologically active. The reasonable use of these substances makes it possible to achieve a significant improvement in the performance of poultry farms. Due to the use of vitamins, the productivity of poultry is increased by eight to ten percent. Recently, one of the directions of increasing the intensity of poultry farming is the search for feed additives that are biologically active, which create incentives for productivity, growth rate and viability of poultry. You should choose additives of natural origin or additives that are synthesized from natural sources. In practice, various types of dietary supplements are used in the form of salts of micro-and macronutrients, vitamin complexes, antioxidants, enzymes, etc. The use of additives of plant origin is of increased interest. The basis for the search for adaptogens, stimulants that are environmentally safe and characterized by increased efficiency, is the development of approaches to the use of these substances in the treatment of farm animals and poultry. This research area is characterized by increased relevance in a situation where there is a ban on the use of feed antibiotics in the European Union. Amaranth is a valuable raw material for feed production. The introduction of seeds of this plant or flour from them into the diet provides higher weight gain of broiler chickens, reduces feed costs, and improves the livestock safety. When adding amaranth seed flour to the diet of laying hens, a change in the fat-acid composition of triacylglycerides is provided, and the dietary properties of eggs are improved. At the present stage, there are technologies that allow processing amaranth to produce various compounds that are characterized by practical value, including medical preparations, biologically valuable protein. As part of the cycle, implemented in accordance with one of these technologies, amaranth pectin is extracted. When using amaranth-based supplement, there is an increase in live weight gain and an improvement and normalization of the quality indicators of broiler chicken meat.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BREEDING HATCHING EGGS DEPENDING ON THE CROSSES OF LAYING HENS OF THE PARENT FLOCK
UDC: 636.5.033
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Aleksey L. Rozhentsov; Andrey V. Onegov; Sergey Yu. Smolentsev;
Abstract. In the presented publication, the main attention was paid to the effect of the productive age of laying hens of the parent flock of meat crosses “Ross 308” and “Cobb 500” on certain morphological and biochemical parameters of breeding hatching eggs. All investigated parent flock hens were divided into 4 productive ages: the first – 28–30 weeks, the second – 31–40, the third – 41–50 and the fourth – 51–60 weeks of the productive age of the bird, respectively. An average sample of breeding hatching eggs was made in the early morning, from nests of different locations in the block, twice a month. In this case, the cross of birds and their
productive age were taken into account. For lab testing of the studied indicators, for which the opening of the egg was not required, in particular, weight and density, 50 pcs were selected; to determine quality indicators, on the contrary, requiring opening of eggs (mass of egg white and yolk, shell thickness) – 20 pieces; for determination of provitamin A, retinol and acid number index – 10 eggs. Our laboratory studies have found that with an increase in the productive age of laying hens, the weight of the hatching eggs themselves also increases, regardless of their belonging to the cross of meat hens. The hatching egg obtained from laying hens of the “Cobb” cross at all age periods differed in weight by more than 2 % from the same studied indicator of the eggs, which were selected from hens of the “Ross” cross. The shell thickness of the eggs studied in the laboratory corresponded to the reference indicators, regardless of the belonging to the cross and the age of the breeding bird. The density
of the egg whites and yolk was generally slightly below the industry standard and generally met its requirements. The content of pigments in its yolk part met the requirements of the standard. Vitamin A content exceeded the minimum standard requirements.
INFLUENCE OF PARENT FLOCK AGE ON SURVIVAL OF REPLACEMENT CHICKENS OF THE COBB-500 CROSS
UDC: 636.5.034
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Artyom I. Strelnikov ; Andrey V. Onegov;
Abstract. The article focuses on the influence of parent flock age of hens of the Cobb-500 cross on the viability of replacement chickens. The study was conducted on hens and roosters in the first fourteen days of life. Based on the materials of production and zootechnical accounting, the viability of 35,200 hens and 4,400 roosters was studied at seven and fourteen days of age. The chick population was divided into groups depending on the age of their mothers and gender. In total, 3 groups of hens and 3 groups of roosters were formed. The first group included chickens whose mothers were in the age of 27−32 weeks, the second group - of 33−45 weeks, and the third group – of more than 46 weeks. During the study period, daily control over the number of chickens dropped out for any reasons in each formed group was carried out. The main reasons for the elimination were death or culling due to defects in the exterior. According to the conducted research, the optimal age for hens of the parent flock in the production of hatching eggs is 33−45 weeks of life. The chickens of these layers showed the best survival results, both for the studied population of hens and roosters. This is due to the fact that at an earlier and older age, the hens of the parent stock have an increased mortality of brood chickens. A hatching egg obtained from a young bird has a small mass and, as a result, reduced nutrient reserves. This negatively affects the development of chicks in the embryonic and post-embryonic periods. As the hens of the parent flock age, their reproductive function fades, resulting in a significant decrease in the viability of the chicks.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYTOBIOTICS IN POULTRY FARMING
UDC: 637.5.04
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Irina I. Strelnikova; Nadezhda A. Kislitsyna;
Abstract. Currently, an urgent problem in industrial poultry farming is the development of feed additives as an alternative to feed antibiotics. It has been established that natural feed additives of plant origin improve the general condition of poultry, in particular, positively affecting digestion. The predominant qualities of phytobiotic preparations are their naturalness, excellent assimilation in the digestive tract of the animal, insignificant toxicity indicators, and the absence of side effects. Also, the advantage of phytobiotics is their relatively inexpensive cost, since, unlike expensive synthetic analogues, raw materials for their manufacture are more affordable. Based on general characteristics, phytobiotics are classified into four main categories. The first group consists of herbs (i.e. flowering plants), the second – spices (i.e. herbs with intense olfactory and gustatory qualities), the third-essential oils (i.e. volatile compounds that are produced by cold pressing or alcohol distillation), the fourth – resins (i.e. extracts formed under the influence of non-aqueous solvents). The purpose of this review is to study the composition, properties and use of phytobiotic preparations in poultry farming technology based on the analysis of modern scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors. The article provides an overview of key studies, the subject of which is the effectiveness, properties and composition of phytobiotics in egg and meat poultry, quail, turkey and goose farming, indicating their high demand in these industries. In the conditions of industrial poultry cultivation, phytobiotics help to increase the overall body resistance, normalize the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, increase egg and meat productivity due to better absorption of feed nutrients. However, it is worth noting that the number of herbal preparations is growing every year and a detailed study of their properties and the possibility of using them in poultry farming technology is necessary.
INFLUENCE OF BIOPREPARATIONS ON SEED SOWING QUALITIES, PREVALENCE AND HARMFULNESS OF ROOT ROT ON SPRING BARLEY
UDC: 632.983.3:633.16:632.25
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Olga G. Maryina-Chermnykh;
Abstract. Introduction. To obtain seeds with high sowing qualities, they must be pretreated with protective agents, which is one of the effective measures to combat diseases on crops, especially root rot disease. In recent years, in the Republic of Mari El, the root rot disease on spring barley has become widespread, since the disease can retain an infectious onset in seeds, soil and plant debris and occur throughout the growing season on plants, reducing the yield of grain crops. The most effective method against root rot in crops is the use of fungicidal preparations, but their negative impact on the environment and microflora gives the method of biological plant protection more and more attention. Objective: to study the effect of biological protective agents on the sowing quality of seeds, the degree of development and prevalence of root rot on spring barley in the territory of the
Mari El Republic. Materials and methods. The object of study is spring barley and biological plant protection products. Studies were conducted by field and laboratory experiments. The soil in the experimental plot is sod-podzolic medium loamy. The results of the discussion. Studies on the influence of biological protective agents on sowing qualities, prevalence and harmfulness of root rot in spring barley showed that pre-sowing seed treatment increases the sowing quality of seeds by 2,1...6,4 %, reducing the intensity of development and spread of root rot (13,7...15,9 %) and increasing productivity from 7,30−14,27 %. Conclusion. Biological plant protection agents effectively influenced the sowing quality of seeds, reducing the intensity of root rot damage and increasing the yield of spring barley.
ROLE OF BIOPREPARATIONS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF CROP PHYTOSANITARY CONDITION AND INCREASE OF GRAIN CROP YIELDS
UDC: 633.1:631.46:635.51:579.64
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Asia M. Yamalieva; Nina N. Apaeva;
Abstract. Introduction. The phytosanitary condition of spring grain crops and soil plays an important role
in increasing yields. The problem of optimization of soil phytosanitary condition is one of the determining factors of plant productivity in grain crops cultivation technologies. In the Republic of Mari El the soil, used for grain crop cultivation is mainly sod-podzolic. Deviation from traditional technologies of grain crops cultivation leads to deterioration of soil phytosanitary condition. The variety of microorganisms decreases, the number
of phytopathogens increases. The plant infestation by root rot increases. In the integrated plant protection system a special place is given to the use of biological preparations. The aim of our research is to establish the impact
of biopreparations on the optimization of the phytosanitary condition of crops and the yield of grain crops.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2017−2019. The seeds were treated with biological preparations Orgamika F and Biodux before sowing. Root rot counts and related tests were carried out using generally accepted methods. The results of the study and discussion. Biological preparations Orgamika F and Biodux have shown high biological efficiency against root rot. On barley crops the efficiency of Orgamika F was 82−100 %, and of Biodux was 69−72 %. On spring wheat crops it was 69−100 % and 42−77 %. On oats crops it was 70−100 % and 62−71 %, respectively. The most effective preparation was Orgamika F. Biological preparations promoted the improvement of soil phytosanitary condition. The number of pathogens in rhizosphere of grain crops decreased 2−5 times depending on the preparation and the phase of plant development. The total number of fungi during vegetation increased in variants with preparations in relation to the control. The use of biopreparations contributed to an increase in the yield of grain crops. The increase of barley yield from Orgamika F biopreparation was 0.23 t/ha, from Biodux - 0.25 t/ha. Spring wheat yield increase was 0.61 t/ha and 0.47 t/ha. For oats, the increase was 0.20 and 0.46 t/ha. Conclusions. Biological preparations used in grain crops cultivation, contribute to the improvement of the phytosanitary condition and increase crop productivity.
FORMATION OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES OF ENTERPRISES IN RELATION TO ACCOUNTING FOR HIGHLY LIQUID ASSETS
UDC: 657.608.00.00
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Asiyat I. Adzhieva;
Abstract. The article deals with increased competition due to the emergence of foreign and multinational companies in the domestic market, price volatility in financial and commodity markets due to the instability of the supply of major investment assets significantly affect the transformation of the country's economy and cause significant changes in financial resources, both at the national level and at the level of enterprises. The purpose of the study: to justify the need for analytical support for accounting and control of structural changes in the main liquid assets, the primacy of which belongs to cash and funds in settlements (accounts receivable). Methods
of research. The research uses methods of system analysis, analytical evaluation and forecasting. Currently, there is no well-founded way to account for and control structural changes in major liquid assets. Main part. The main functional purpose of accounting policy is to optimize the process of organization, accounting and preparation of
financial statements of the company by selecting certain methods and accounting procedures. However, as Professor V. M. Zhuk notes, the use of different approaches by enterprises in accounting policy creates a problem of
incompatibility of accounting indicators, and changes in accounting policy at the enterprise create a problem
of comparability of information in dynamics. The level of organization of accounting for cash and receivables at domestic enterprises is quite low, since among the main elements of accounting policy for these objects, attention is paid only to the cash limit and the method of calculating the reserve of doubtful debts, and other points, in the vast majority of cases, remain undisclosed. Taking this into account, the elements of accounting policy that relate to
the accounting of cash and debt of buyers and are subject to disclosure in the Order on the accounting policy of the enterprise were proposed. Results. Compliance with the developed accounting policy elements will provide reliable information about the composition and structure of the company's highly liquid assets.
MODELING OF INTEGRAL INDICATORS OF THE ECONOMIC SPHERE OF THE REGION
UDC: 332.1
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Tatyana A. Ignasheva;
Abstract. Introduction. The article is devoted to the implementation of the inductive-deductive research method in relation to the analysis of the sphere of economic activity of the Republic of Mari El. In the current conditions of the global economic decline associated with the coronavirus pandemic, it is especially relevant to determine the ways of getting out of the crisis situation as soon as possible, to identify directions for mobilizing funds for targeted methodically justified impact on key areas of economic growth. At the level of regional research, an algorithm is proposed for determining common indicators of economic development and building a model of the dependence of gross regional product volumes on the identified integral indicators. Purpose: building integral indicators that determine the development of the economic sphere of the Mari El Republic, and modeling on their basis the level of the region’s GRP. Materials and methods. The study is based on the implementation of the factor analysis methodology using the principal components method, which allows to identify the factors of the general economic development of the region on the basis of an inductive research approach, and further modeling of gross regional product volumes from the allocated aggregate indicators in order to determine the levels of their impact on the Republic’s GRP through the implementation of the scientific deduction method. Results, discussion. The analysis of the structure of the gross regional product of the Mari El Republic on the basis of 12 indicators of economic activities made it possible to identify four integral factors that significantly determine the development of the region - the factor of construction activities, production and services, the factor of the extractive industry, the factor of textile and wood-processing industries and the factor of food and light industry. The indicated aggregate indicators characterize the main directions of the economic activity of the Republic. The model based on the identified integral indicators shows that the volume of the region’s GRP is more affected by the change in the factor of construction activity, production and services, which determines the industrial specialization of the territory. The effect of the remaining indicators is less evident and varies in a comparable range. Conclusion. The study allows to plan trends in the
development of the Republic’s economy, determines the directions of investment in order to restore the
economic situation in the region as quickly as possible. The results of the analysis can be useful in the activities of analytical services and economic development planning departments of the Mari El Republic.
FINANCIAL STABILITY OF THE BUDGETS OF THE CONSTITUENT ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS ONE OF THE FACTORS ENSURING THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMIC SECURITY
UDC: 336.1
Section: NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: Marina V. Kazakovtseva;
Abstract. Introduction. Financial system stability can be defined as having a safe and reliable financial system that can withstand external and internal negative influences. Long-term stability of the budget system is an
essential prerequisite for ensuring macroeconomic stability, contributing to the formation of conditions for
economic growth, investment development and increasing the competitiveness of the national financial and economic system. In modern financial and economic conditions, new theoretical and methodological approaches to the content of the concept of “financial sustainability of the budget system”; methods of budget planning, focused on long-term program-target forecasting; methods for assessing budgetary risks of the state financial system through transparent and reasonable indicators of the stability of the budgetary system; approaches to the creation of financial reserves based on “budget rules”; methods of increasing the efficiency of public debt management and determining budget sustainability and improving the quality of planning and budget execution; substantiation of new methodological approaches to assessing the financial stability of the budget system are of particular importance [4]. The aim of the research is to study the most important factor in ensuring the country’s economic security - the financial stability of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and one of its main components - the volume of the state debt of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
Reveal the features, patterns and principles of its management at the level of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The work examines the research of foreign and Russian scientists on the
financial sustainability of the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Despite many scientific works on ensuring the economic security of the country, there is an insufficient elaboration of this issue in the sector of financial sustainability management of the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the field of public debt management of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Ensuring budgetary stability of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is the financial basis for the development of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and its effectiveness depends on a set of applied financial techniques, methods and tools. And the economic development of each individual subject of the Russian Federation
directly affects the economic security of the whole country. Research results, discussion. The study of theoretical and practical aspects of the country's economic security made it possible to formulate one of the definitions of
the mechanism for ensuring the financial stability of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, develop
a scheme and outline the directions for its improvement. Conclusion. Further development of the elements
of the mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the country in the field of managing the budgetary stability of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation will streamline the procedures for financial
management in the budgetary sphere.
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION
UDC: 338: 631
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Matvey S. Oborin;
Abstract. Introduction. Agriculture in Russia is rightfully considered one of the most important sectors of the national economy providing food and raw materials needs of various industries. The degree of development of the agricultural industry affects the living standards and welfare of the country’s population: the quantity and quality of food, per capita income, consumption of goods and services, social living conditions. In this regard, it is necessary to quickly and effectively solve the problems that have a constraining effect on the development of this sector of the national economy. The article is devoted to the study of agricultural production in the Volgograd region, since the region is a large producer of agricultural products that can influence the country's food market. Objective: to study the state of agricultural production on the example of the Volgograd region, to assess the main indicators characterizing the state of crop and livestock production in the region, to identify the main trends and structural changes in the development of the industry. Materials and methods: economic-mathematical and statistical methods were used to analyze the state of agricultural production in the Volgograd region. Results of the research, discussions. The statistical data characterizing the crop production in the
Volgograd region are analyzed. The competitive advantages of the agricultural sector of the Volgograd region are investigated. The main problems and resource potential of this region are identified. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop the institution of agricultural consumer cooperation, as well as state support for local agricultural products producers.
TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF VEGETABLE GROWING ENTERPRISES IN THE PERM TERRITORY
UDC: 631.14(470.53)
Section: NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: Matvey S. Oborin;
Abstract. Introduction. The article is devoted to improving the efficiency of vegetable growing enterprises through the introduction of innovative technologies and intelligent systems of warehouse stock management and transport and logistics processes. Vegetable growing is a promising sector of agriculture, which contributes to ensuring the food security of the regions, affects the quality of food consumption of the population of the regions. The considered sphere of economy is actively developing, experiencing the influence of new technologies that contribute to the
optimization of production and market processes. Enterprises of the vegetable growing industry are faced with
the problems of optimization of warehouse and transport and logistics costs, which can be solved through the introduction of intelligent systems that provide a comprehensive production and economic effect. Objective: to analyze the current state of vegetable growing and identify the main directions for the future development of the industry in the region, taking into account many factors of natural and anthropogenic nature. Materials and methods. The work uses an analytical method to assess the current state of the vegetable growing industry. Research results, discussions. In the modern world, vegetable growing is one of the most dynamically developing branches of agriculture. One of the central problems of the agricultural economy is increasing the efficiency
of vegetable production. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the main problem - to choose the most rational way of using the factors of production to resolve the contradictions between unlimited needs and
the lack of resources to meet them. The basis for achieving the efficiency of vegetable cultivation is both the production method and marketing. Conclusion. To ensure the stable safety of products and, therefore, the
optimal level of profitability of its production, it is necessary to put into operation specialized vegetable stores,
introduce innovative solutions in the management of warehouse and transport and logistics processes.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNET DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
UDC: 332.05
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Tatyana V. Sarycheva; Daria D. Ivanova;
Abstract. Introduction. The article describes approaches to the analysis of the differentiation of the regions of the Russian Federation in terms of indicators characterizing the development of the Internet according to data for 2019, which made it possible to identify four groups of regions with different speeds of informatization processes, as well as to determine the factors that determine their development. Purpose: to propose and implement methodological approaches to the analysis of the processes taking place in the field of Internet development in different territories of Russia. Materials and methods. The published statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service served as the information base for the stated study. Algorithms of multidimensional methods of component, cluster and regression analyses, graphical data presentation were used as research tools. Results of the
research, discussion. A system of indicators has been formed that characterizes the development of the Internet in the regions of the Russian Federation, using the methods of cluster analysis based on the use of the main components, territories with different levels of development of information and communication technologies have been identified. Based on the results of econometric analysis, socio-economic indicators are identified that determine
the rate of development of ICT technologies in regions belonging to different clusters. Conclusion. The analysis of the results obtained showed that the creation of favorable conditions for the widespread distribution of the
Internet and the reduction of differences in the level of its use between individual regions is a strategically
important direction for the development of the information society at the federal and regional levels. The formation of a competent state policy in this direction can be facilitated by the study of territories using the methods
of multidimensional statistical analysis.
INNOVATION PROCESSES IN THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT: INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT, RETROSPECTIVE AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS
UDC: 332
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Ramziya K. Shakirova;
Abstract. Introduction. The basis for the development of any economic system is innovative activity, expressed in the development and implementation of new ideas in the field of high technologies introduced into production. Innovations provide a high level of competitiveness of the economy, increase its efficiency, and create the basis for social stability and sustainable economic growth. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to study individual indicators of innovative development of the regions of the Volga Federal District, including the Mari El Republic, identify problem areas and find measures aimed at solving the corresponding problems. Materials and methods. The work uses a classic set of general scientific methods of scientific research,
including analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, deduction, as well as methods of statistics, comparison and ranking. Based on regulatory sources, a general description of the institutional environment of the innovative development of the regions of the Volga Federal District is given. The empirical basis of the study was official statistics published on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service. Results, discussion. The institutional environment for the innovative development of the Volga Federal District regions is formalized by a number of strategic documents at the national and territorial levels. At the same time, a deterioration of some indicators characterizing innovative processes in the Volga Federal District was revealed. This negatively affects
the socio-economic development of the region. Conclusion. In a number of regions of the Volga Federal
District, in particular, in the Republic of Mari El, in the period from 2004 to 2017 negative trends in innovation were observed. Therefore, it is obvious that it is necessary to support regional investment processes
at the government level.