VESTNIK 3(3)/2015
- Title:
- VESTNIK 3(3)/2015
- Number:
- 3
- Year:
- 2015
- Date publication on the site:
- 2015-11-17 09:28:24
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 23
THE DYNAMICS OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD OF COWS WITH DIFFERENT LEVEL OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY
UDC: 636.22/.28.084.523
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Yurii Aleksandrovich Aleksandrov ;
The article presents a study of biochemical parameters of blood of cows with different levels of milk production in the pasture and stall periods. Survey data indicate that high-yielding dairy cows are under varying degrees of stern stress both in the pasture and stall periods. This stress is caused by the lack of biologically active substances (vitamins and minerals) and a violation of the ratio of individual nutrients (energy) substances. It is necessary to review the existing structure of feeding animals primarily in the direction of increasing the share of feed containing optimal ratio as protein and digestible carbohydrates (haylage, hay, green grass of long-term bean cultures). The results of the study show the need for a blood chemistry as an objective method of monitoring the level and usefulness of feeding cows.
MICROBIAL LIPIDS EFFECT ON DISEASE-CAUSING FUNGI IN STONE FRUIT TREES
UDC: 632.937
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Kenul' Farruh kyzy Bahshalieva; Lala Mehvami kyzy Ismajlova ; Jamen Jusuf kyzy Atakishieva ;
This research indicates the antimicrobial activity of lipid Cephalosporium humicola and Mucor globosus on the viability of strains of disease-causing fungi Monilia cinerea, Clasterosporium carpohilum, Cytospora leucostoma and Verticillium dahliae. Experiments in vitro showed in microbial lipids strong antifungal activity, which depends on the composition of fatty acids. The most active were the lipids containing linoleic and γ-linolenic acid.
NATURAL ADDITIVES USAGE IN THE PASTA TECHNOLOGY
UDC: 664.691/694
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Faina Ivanovna Gryazina ;
Pasta plays a significant role in modern life. These foods are known for high nutritional value, easy and good digesti-bility, not least they are pleasant to the taste. In a small company production is focused on a wide range of pasta in accordance with consumer requirements. This research considers the biennial studies results of the effect of natural additives on quality of pasta. The following additives were used: fresh chopped dill in the amount of 0.5 % by weight of wheat flour, dried mushrooms in powder form in an amount of 1.0 % by weight of flour, flax, buckwheat flour and semolina in the amount of 30 % by weight of flour, mashed boiled carrots and beets in the amount of 20 % by weight of flour, and in two cases 50% of wheat flour was replaced with barley and pea flour. Natural additives improved the dimensional stability of welded products, reduced loss of solids in the cooking water. The taste of the noodle becomes sweet, original, intensive depending on the additive. The color of the noodles changes. Nutritional and energy value of the noodles also changes with additives: the usage of fresh dill and mushroom powder reduces energy value per 100 g of noodles to 12,9–17,9 kcal, carrots and beets 26,5–25,6 kcal, usage of buckwheat and flaxseed meal increases this ratio by 27,4–110,5 kcal, barley and pea flour by 2,3–9,8 kcal. Thus, all supplements have positive effects on the nutritional and caloric value of the product.
FORMS AND METHODS OF PLANNING IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION MEAT INDUSTRY
UDC: 338.439.+637.5(470.343)
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Oksana Anatol'evna Danilova ;
Cattle breeding is one of the leading sectors of the livestock. Its products: lamb, goat, pork, beef, leather materials and organic fertilizers, which are always in demand.
MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS QUALITY ASSESSMENT
UDC: 637.5.04/07
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Oksana Anatol'evna Danilova; Anna Gennad'evna Sepeeva ;
Due to meat and meat products a person gets all the necessary minerals and trace elements. Meat food is particularly rich in phosphorus, sodium, potassium, sulfur and iron. And so on copper, cobalt, zinc and iodine. Meat products such as sausages, are characterized by a high digestibility compared with the raw material. They contain meat from without inedible parts of low nutritional value.
INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND BREWING QUALITY OF SPRING BARLEY
UDC: 631.82:663.421
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Margarita Aleksandrovna Evdokimova ; Vasily Sergeyevich Kharitonov ;
The aim of this study was to obtain high grain yield of spring barley in accordance with its brewing qualities in the soil and climatic conditions of the Kirov region. Field experiment scheme: 1. P60 – Background. 2. Background + N30. 3. Background + N30K30. 4. Background + N30K60. 5. Background + N30K90. Tests revealed that the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in accordance 1 : 1 (N30K30) increased yield relative to the background by 1,31 t/ha. Increasing the dose of potassium fertilizer from 30 to 90 kg/ha, no effect on yield. The increase of nitrogen fertilizer was at 0,34–0,37 kg/ha, it is more than that of potassium fertilizer. The highest return on nitrogen and potassium fertilizers was observed after introducing them in the ratio of 1 : 1 was 21,83 kg. Due to the use of potash fertilizer, depending on the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, the protein content decreased accordingly: 2,64; 2,36 and 1,26 %, starch content increased to 2,71–3,79 % and particle size in the 2,7–2,8 %. The content of extractives and ability to germination allowed use it for brewing. As a result, studies have found: the use of mineral fertilizers in doses N30R60K30–90 provides a 3 t/ha of malting barley grain quality, with a payback period of 1 kg of fertilizer 11,17–21,83 kg; without the use of potassium fertilizer grain matches the quality of food and fodder, as it increases the protein content and reduced starch content and extractivity of grain.
PLASTICITY, STABILITY AND ADAPTABILITY OF CULTIVARS OF SPRING WHEAT CULTIVATED IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC
UDC: 633.111.1:631.526.36
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Alevtina Grigor'evna Kuryleva ;
The article provides an overview of the results of studies of adaptive varieties of spring wheat in terms of yield. Their flexibility and stability is defined in different meteorological conditions of cultivation in the Udmurt Republic. The tested varieties of spring wheat showed high resistance to lodging - 9 points. The study revealed a high resistance (9 points) to the pathogen smut (Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC.). The infestation of plants of wheat brown rust (P. triticina Eriks.) depending on the varieties, amounted to 2,0–33,9 %, respectively, the resistant from 3 to 7 points (strong or weak sustainability). Resistance of varieties to root rot (B. sorokiniana) – high (9 points.), the development of the disease ranged from 0,4 to 1,0 %. According to the research the most productive varieties identified in the early maturing group: Line h12 - with a short growing season, so the formation of a high yield of the line to the most demanding high level of agricultural technology; line is stable for grain yield; adapted for cultivation in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic. The variety of wheat Bajinka has the highest rate of adaptability among the studied cultivars (K. A. = 1,10), grade refers to extensive cultivation, medium to good yields.. Krasnoufimskaya 110 - less demanding of agriculture (extensive type), the stability of the yield is below average, but the adaptability of the varieties are good. In the group of mid-season were allocated varieties Acada 70 and Omskya 36. Grade Acada 70 – yielding, plastic, responsive, but less stable. Omskya 36 – grade intensive type of cultivation, the medium in the formation of stable yields and less adapted to the conditions of the Udmurt Republic.
AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS EFFECT ON THE INCIDENCE AND RESISTANCE OF VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT TO SNOW MOLD
UDC: 632.4.01/.08
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Ol'ga Gennad'evna, Maryina-Chermnykh ; Gulnara Maratovna Khismatullina ;
The article examines the effect of meteorological and agro-climatic conditions to the winter wheat varieties to snow mold. The growing of snow mold reduces harvest of winter wheat, as a result of such factors as increase in precipitation and decrease in temperature during the growing season. It was revealed that, in all the studied varieties of winter wheat the overwintering of plants held against the best fertilizer supply compared to non-fertilizer.
THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE WORKING PROCESS OF CRUSHER CROPS
UDC: 631.363.23
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Petr Alekseevich Savinyh ; Sergey Yuryevich Bulatov ; Roman Aleksandrovich Smirnov ;
The article presents the results of experimental studies on the optimization of the operating parameters of the crusher of roots and tubers. A series of single-factor experiments allowed us to determine areas of optimization of the studied factors. Using the methods of active planning optimization of the studied factors. Recommended the following optimal values: angle horizontal cutting knives α = 45º, the number of horizontal blades N = 3 and the cutting speed Vp = 12 m/s when grinding crops for poultry; angle the horizontal cutting knives α = 25º, the number of horizontal blades N = 2 and the cutting speed Vp = 12 m/s when grinding crops for cattle; cutting angle horizontal knives α = 35º, the number of horizontal blades N = 2 and the cutting speed Vр = 10 m/s when grinding of crops for pigs.
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF CHICKEN SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS CONTAINING FUNCTIONAL ADDITIVES QUALITY
UDC: 63754’65
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Anna Yur'evna Semenova ; Oleg Yur'evich Petrov ; Ekaterina Anatol'evna Savinkova ;
The study explains the possibility of production of poultry meat sausages replacing part of the meat raw material by the food additive kelp in order to enrich the product of the organic form of iodine. The study shows a positive effect of the additive on the quality characteristics of model minced meat. Performance analysis proves that the optimal amount of kelp in the recipe of poultry minced meat is 2,0 % for hydration 1 : 4, which is 0,4% on a dry kelp.
NORMALIZATION OF CICATRICIAL DIGESTION OF CATTLE APPLICATION OF A PROBIOTIC
UDC: 636.2:591.13
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergej Yur'evich Smolentsev ; Alexey Leonidovich Rozhentsov ;
Practitioners proved expediency of application of probiotics at a number of diseases. The concept of positive action of probiotics at diseases is based on various mechanisms. A probiotics develops antimicrobic connections and alters specific receptors to toxins, blocking thus the reactions mediated by toxins. The purpose of our work was to study the influence of a probiotic of “Vit” on an organism of cattle, in particular, on a hem microbiocenosis. For performance of a goal, on the basis of JSC Zarechie of the Zelenodolsky region of the Republic of Tatarstan, scientific and economic experiment on studying of influence of a new probiotic of “Vit” on indicators of cicatricial digestion was made. In the conditions of economy 2 groups of cows of black and motley breed, 3 lactations, by live weight 500–550 kg, picked up for the principle of the balanced groups, up to 10 heads in everyone were created. Cows from the first group served as control. Cows from the second test group received with a forage of a probiotics of “Vit”, Lactobacillus plantarum of 376 B, Lactobacillus casei MDP-1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, treacle and water consisting of mix of strains on 10ml on the head per day within 10 days with repetition of a course after 7 days of a break. Results of researches also showed that against application of a probiotic of “Vit” in cicatricial contents of cows from the second group, concentration of the final products of a fermentation of carbohydrates – flying fatty acids increased by 10th day of experiment by 25,39%, for the 30th day this indicator made 10,38±0,14 mmol/l and exceeded value of a back-ground indicator for 35,15 %. Shift рН cicatricial contents is followed by increase of number of the elementary microorganisms in cicatricial contents for the 10th day of experience by 1,5 times, in comparison with control group, and for 44,92 %, in comparison with background size. To the 30th day of experiment the number of infusorians in skilled group was almost twice higher, in comparison with control group, and made 932,65±22,43 thousand/ml.
PROBLEMS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL BUDGETS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY
UDC: 336.144:332.13
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Evgenia Alexandrovna Vinogradova ;
The article defines the place and role of budget planning in regional development in terms of macro-economic instability. Budget planning is regarded as an essential element of the financial mechanism, which reflects the expected value of various aspects of financial and economic activities of economic entities.
INVESTMENT POLICY OF THE REGION AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING COMPETITIVENESS OF AGRARIAN AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL
UDC: 336.1
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Faina Zajnulovna Gumarova;
At the present stage of development of the Russian economy the special attention is paid to attraction of investments into agrarian and industrial complex. The new investment policy in the agricultural sector should provide a breakthrough in improving the efficiency of production. The question of influence of an investment and tax policy on competitiveness of agro-industrial complex is considered. The special attention is paid to the principles of the regional investment policy stimulating investment activity of subjects of the market. Need of improvement of a tax policy for increase of competitiveness of agrarian production in the Republic of Mari El is defined. The package of measures on improve-ment of an innovative and tax policy in agricultural production is offered. Realization of the above-stated measures will promote increase of competitiveness of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Mari El and the solution of questions of import substitution in the food market of Russia.
EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT OF THE SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
UDC: 336.1
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Marina Vadimovna Kazakovtseva ;
This article discusses the theoretical basis of public debt management. The necessity of developing a new model of effective public debt management. The main and additional criteria of quality stan-dard of debt policy of the subject are considered in detail, a number of budget and program actions is offered.
INSURANCE PORTFOLIO OPTIMISATION
UDC: 368
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Svetlana Gennad'evna Kreneva ; Elena Nikolaevna Khalturina ; Guzaliya Fayzrahmanova ;
The role of insurance and the insurance market is determined, first of all, by the tasks to ensure the continuity and stability of social reproduction, of different types of economic activity, keeping the standard of living and income of economic agents when certain events - insurance claims. At the same time degree of realisation of the given role in many respects is determined by financial soundness of insurance establishments. The insurance portfolio represents a basis on which the whole activity of the insurer is based and which determines financial soundness of an insurance establish-ment as a whole.
THE DOMINANT MOTIVATORS ON THE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
UDC: 336.748.3
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Inna Vasil'evna, Kulalaeva ; Svetlana Gennad'evna Kreneva;
The degree of mutual influence of the probability, dominant motivators (value of exchange rate basket of currencies and target zone (the U. S. dollar and Euro), the Global Competitiveness Index, which characterizes the level of development of institutional environment) volatility on the consumer behavior of households, by using fundamental analysis, have been determined. The structure of the article consists of an introduction, the main material, comprising the following article headings: purpose of the research; Materials and methods; results, discussion; Conclusion, bibliography, tabular and graphic material. The most significant factors identify which determine consumer behavior of households by the measure of central tendency to the foreground of a store of money relatively consumption. To solve the tasks set out in the work, the following general scientific and private methods of knowledge: methods of system analysis, a method of describing, situational and functional analysis. The degree of mutual influence of the probability, dominant motivators volatility on the con-sumer behavior of households and their main areas of influence, by using correlation analysis and a regression model, have been determined. The degree of mutual influence of the probability, dominant motivators, which characterizes the state of the macroeconomic environment in the parameters of the national currency volatility, the level of institutional development and the share of savings in the costs of population, by using correlation analysis, have been determined. Delivery profitability abroad STRAIGHT PETROLEUM PRODUCT (low-grade oil products) maintained tariff preference (a reduced rate) the export of oil он this group of products. Petroleum products are subject to high quality special increased taxable duty which makes them ineffective delivery.
VALUATION OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AS AN INDICATOR OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE REGIONAL CLUSTER SYSTEM
UDC: 334.021
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Anna Viktorovna Lisevich ;
The article defines the place of intellectual capital in regional innovation cluster. Assessment of efficiency of func-tioning of the cluster system is based directly on the analysis of intangible resources. The performance of the cluster based on the accumulation results of the analysis of human capital of the region, innovation and investment, the quality of the business environment, competitiveness of the region, the level of social activity in the region. The paper studies and analyzes the basic structural components of intangible assets. Formulated the structure of intangible capital, including human capital, innovation capital, relational capital and infrastructure capital. Describes the main methodo-logical approaches to the assessment of intellectual capital at all levels of socio-economic systems. At present the theoretical framework within the concept of intellectual capital has more than 25 valuation techniques.
FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL
UDC: 631.162
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Elena Nikolaevna Potekhina ;
Precise and reliable data is the main factor for proper management decision making process. This data is usually formed in the financial statements, and after a preliminary analysis, transformed into specific forms with a set of indicators that give a clear picture of activities. Agricultural enterprises inherently have their own specifics related to climatic conditions, human resources, dependence on the processing and tax privileges.
SECURE TAX BURDEN AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING OF THE COMPETITIVENESS
UDC: 336.22
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Elena Nikolaevna Potekhina; Faina Zajnulovna Gumarova;
Increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise is the basis of its development strategy. For this purpose it’s necessary to open all possible potential of cost optimization and increase profits while maintaining product quality. One of the ways is to choose the tax system that meets all the requirements. At the same time lowering the tax burden may give rise to a field tax audit. Possible criteria to facilitate the appointment of verification and clarification options, offered in the form of recommendations.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN RUSSIA
UDC: 657
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Yuliya Barievna Rzhavina ;
Modern conditions of the economy require development of the established approaches to the manage-ment process. Initiation and development of management accounting, its conceptualization as a specific practical activity and a line of economic applied research continue to be relevant. Understanding of management accounting conceptual framework stresses the need for the development of current management accounting methodology and improvement of methodical tools considering particularities of business in each specific case.
METHODS OF PREDICTING THE PROBABILITY OF BANKRUPTCY AS AN ELEMENT OF ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS
UDC: 338.48-53:63
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Irina Viktorovna Smirnova ;
The study provides a new approach to the assessment of financial of the agricultural sector enterprises. Fundamental principles of this approach are justified, it allows evaluate the stability of enterprise development and rural area in common.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE IMPACT OF INFLATION ON TAX REVENUES AND THEIR ADJUSTMENT
UDC: 336.02
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Ramzija Kavievna Shakirova ; Anastasiya Evgen'evna Sapunova ; Irina Vladimirovna, Romanyuk ;
The article gives a retrospective analysis of nominal and real tax revenues in terms of taxes, is charged at a flat rate for the period from 2006 to 2014. The factors affecting the dynamics of tax revenues were assessed. The research grouped techniques smoothing the impact of inflation on the amount of tax revenue used in current practice of tax administration in Russia.
FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
UDC: 338.22
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Natalija Kimovna Shvecova ; Margarita Nikolaevna, Egoshina ;
Agriculture is an important sector of the economy of any country. At this stage in our country, agriculture is in a difficult situation arising unsolved problems related to the lack of tangible support from the state, the lack of competent, experienced and qualified personnel, promising and young professionals, lack of Finance, poor infrastructure, etc. To solve most of the problems requires the inflow of funds in the form of investments. Investments in agribusiness and agricultural assets is very important when promoting sustainable agricultural production and potential of the country.