VESTNIK 2 (38) 2024
- Title:
- VESTNIK 2 (38) 2024
- Number:
- 2
- Year:
- 2024
- Date publication on the site:
- 2024-07-31 09:27:35
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 11
Hepatoprotective properties of heprasan-neo in an experiment on the prevention of hepatopathies in juvenile amber trout
UDC: 639.3: 639.3.043.2: 615.038
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Andrey A. Abramov; Marina P. Semenenko; Ksenia A. Semenenko;
Introduction. Modern world trout farming is a highly profitable, steadily developing industry with managed or partially managed methods of breeding and rearing of all age groups of trout, with a complete transition to complete granulated feed, with economically and technologically safe farming. In Russia this industry is developing at an accelerated pace. The intensification of technological processes at fish farming enterprises, leading to excessively high production loads on the body of aquatic organisms, is the cause of the emergence of new metabolic pathologies. These diseases primarily include hepatopathy of non-infectious etiology, which contributes to the accumulation of various toxins in the body of fish. Effective pharmacotherapy and pharmacoprevention of these pathologies will significantly improve the quality of fish farming products and contribute to the development of domestic aquaculture enterprises. The purpose of the described experiment was to determine the hepatoprotective activity of the drug heprasan-neo by its influence on the histostructure of the liver of juvenile amber trout. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, an experiment was conducted at the Maykop fish farm on 2 identical groups of juvenile amber trout (the experimental group received a hepatoprotector at a dose of 1.5 % per unit weight of feed, the control group received only complete feed). The period of the clinical part of the experiment was 90 days. Next, a control slaughter of fish was carried out, followed by pathological and histological studies of the liver of experimental and control trout. Research results, discussion. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the hepatoprotector has a beneficial effect on the condition of the liver parenchyma, which was confirmed both by a simple examination of the organs and by the histology of microslides. In control trout, histological signs of fatty hepatosis were determined. Conclusion. Considering the fact that histological studies are the most accurate diagnostic method, during the experiment a pronounced hepatoprotective effect of heprasan-neo on juvenile amber trout was determined. This effect will have a positive impact on fish farming and biological parameters of fish and the quality of fish farming products.
Allergenic and locally irritating properties of a new disinfectant coded “TN”
UDC: 619:614.48+615.9
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Polina V. Bykova; Evgeniya Yu. Tarasova; Ramzia М. Potekhina;
Introduction. Infections of various origins are a global threat to the health of both humans and animals. The infectious load on farm animals is constantly growing. This is due to their high density due to the constant need to increase productivity. Currently, the development of disinfectants that do not have a harmful effect on the body, that is, possible for use in the presence of animals, is relevant. The purpose of this research is to study the allergenic and locally irritating effects of a new disinfectant “TN”, developed for the sanitation of livestock premises in the presence of animals. Materials and methods. The locally irritating effect of the disinfectant “TN” was studied on 16 albino guinea pigs and 16 chinchilla rabbits by a single, 4-hour application of a solution of the studied disinfectant to the skin. Multiple epicutane disinfectant applications were performed on 14 albino guinea pigs in the maximum tested concentration 5 times a week for 2 weeks. A specific leukocyte lysis reaction (SLLR) was performed in order to evaluate the disinfectant “TN” in vitro. An experiment to study the local irritant effect on the mucous membrane of the eyes was carried out on 10 Chinchilla rabbits, 2 drops of the tested concentrations of the drug were introduced into the conjunctival sac. Research results. As a result of these studies, it was found that the new disinfectant coded “TN” does not cause sensitization, does not have an allergenic and locally irritating effect on the skin and mucous membrane of the eyes of experimental animals. Therefore, this product can be considered as a promising disinfectant for use in the presence of animals.
Radiation and hygienic examination of veterinary supervision facilities in the Lipetsk region
UDC: 619:616-001.28/.29
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Kamil T. Ishmukhametov; Konstantin N. Vagin ; Gulnaz I. Rakhmatullina; Eduard I. Semenov;
Introduction. The Lipetsk region is one of the 18 regions of the Russian Federation affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Materials and methods. The density of soil contamination with one of the main dose-forming elements of the emergency release ‒ cesium-137 in 1986 was 5‒15 Ci/km2. After 1.3 half-lives (38 years), this figure decreased to <1<5 Ci/km2, which is associated with the natural decay of the radionuclide and its dispersion in the natural environment. In one of the most affected areas of the Lipetsk region ‒ in Gryazinsky, radiation-ecological monitoring was carried out, including the selection of samples of roughage, succulent feed, root crops and concentrates for radiometric studies in the conditions of the FSBI “FCTRB-VNIVI” (Kazan). Research results, discussion. It has been established that the ambient dose equivalent rate of gamma radiation in the Lipetsk region does not exceed 0.10/0.16 μSv/h. The radiation factor is not the leading factor in the physical impact on humans and animals. Most of the external background is determined by natural radionuclides. The consequences of a radiation release account for a fraction of a percent. There are no objects of the 1st and 2nd categories of potential radiation hazard in the region. The content of cesium-137 and strontium-90 in soil samples from the Gryazinsky region does not exceed the average values of radiation contamination of the territories of the “Chernobyl zone” of the Russian Federation. Of the studied samples of crop products, the highest content of cesium-137 and strontium-90 was recorded in succulent feed, and insignificant ‒ in roughage and concentrates. Conclusion. The specific activity of all samples is 2 orders of magnitude lower than the established control levels (CL-94), and therefore all plant products can be used for their intended purpose without any restrictions.
Study of the quality and safety of condensed milk with sugar of different brands
UDC: 637.07
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Tatiana V. Kabanova; Sergey I. Okhotnikov;
Introduction. The quality standard in the Russian Federation sets strict requirements for condensed milk with added sugar. Many consumers, based on everyday experience, judge the quality of condensed milk only by its density. This is just one of the indicators taken into account when evaluating the quality and safety of the finished product. In this regard, conducting a comprehensive examination of the quality and safety of canned milk in the context of expanding the range, increasing production and consumption is especially important. A comprehensive assessment makes it possible to identify possible health risks associated with the presence of harmful substances, bacteria and microorganisms in the product. It allows manufacturers to guarantee the safety of their products for consumers and avoid possible lawsuits. The purpose is to conduct research on the quality and safety of condensed milk with sugar from different manufacturers, sold in the retail chain of the city of Yoshkar-Ola. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were three samples of whole condensed milk with sugar produced on the territory of the Russian Federation. The samples were encrypted under numbers 1, 2 and 3. Samples of condensed whole milk with sugar were assessed according to quality and safety indicators in accordance with regulatory and technical documentation. Research results, discussions. During the research, we noted some discrepancy between the studied indicators and the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation in all samples. Sample No. 1 met the mandatory requirements as much as possible, in particular, in terms of titrated acidity, CFR and moisture content; had the most pronounced organoleptic characteristics; sufficient viscosity throughout the mass, optimal structure and consistency. A slight deviation in the fat content – 0.2 %, in this sample is an average error and can be considered an acceptable deviation. Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, a sample of condensed milk was identified that most fully meets the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of disinfectants against exogenous forms of cryptosporidia
UDC: 619:616.995.1-085.284
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Ekaterina S. Klimova; Tatyana V. Babintseva; Ekaterina A. Faley ; Elena V. Maksimova;
Introduction. Cryptosporidiosis is a widespread protozoal disease of many animal species, as well as humans. The list of drugs used to destroy exogenous forms of oocysts of Criptosporidium parvum is limited, since the oocysts of the pathogen are difficult to destroy in the external environment due to their small size, the presence of a thick shell that protects them from adverse environmental factors, which makes them highly resistant to disinfectants. The purpose of the work was to analyze the effectiveness of preparations “Ligrocid” and “Virocid” for disinfection against Criptosporidium parvum oocysts. Materials and methods. A comparative assessement of the effectiveness of “Ligrocid” and “Virocid” at a concentration of 0.25% with an exposure time of 1 hour for disinfection against Criptosporidium parvum oocysts was carried out. Scrapings were taken from environmental objects (floor, walls, feeders, drinkers) using a brush for material sampling. Material for study was taken before treatment and a day after disinvasion. Native smears were prepared from the obtained samples, stained according to Cyl-Nielsen and microscoped at a magnification of 1000 times. The obtained results were statistically analyzed using the McNemar chi-square criterion. Research results, discussion. When examining smears taken before disinvasion, it was found that all surfaces were contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocysts. After disinvasion with “Ligrocide”, oocysts were detected only in three samples, and when using“Virocide” in five samples. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the study showed that “Ligrocid” for the disinvasion of exogenous forms of Criptosporidium parvum was 1.7 times (p<0,001) more effective than “Virocid”. It should be noted that the preparation “Ligrocid” is almost 10 times cheaper than “Virocid”.
Determination of effective doses and regimens of therapeutic serums for mycotoxicosis of white rats with the study of the biochemical profile
UDC: 619:615.9:616-085
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Nailya N. Mishina; Eduard I. Semenov; Zukhra Kh. Sagdeeva; Almaz R. Valiev;
Introduction. Mycotoxins can cause many negative health effects and pose serious health risks to both humans and livestock. Mycotoxins have carcinogenic, mutagenic, embryotoxic, allergic, immunosuppressive effects – all this makes the problem of mycotoxicosis interdisciplinary and extremely relevant in modern conditions. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of doses and regimens of therapeutic serums in mycotoxicosis of white rats with the study of the biochemical profile. Materials and methods. To conduct the research task, nine groups of male white rats were formed, eight in each. The first group of animals served as biological control, the rats of the second group were given T-2 toxin at a dose of 1/10 LD50, the rats of the third group were given toxin and injections of intact serum at the beginning of the experiment, on days 7 and 14 of the experiment at a dose of 0.5 ml per kg of body weight. The fourth, fifth and sixth groups received the toxin and a course of prophylaxis in the form of antitoxic serum injections at the beginning of the experiment, on days 7 and 14 at doses of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 ml per kg of body weight, respectively. The seventh, eighth and ninth groups received toxin b and a course of treatment in the form of injections of antitoxic serum on days 7 and 14 of the experiment at doses of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 ml per kg of body weight, respectively. At the end of the experiment, on day 21, six animals from each group were euthanized with blood sampling for laboratory studies. Research results, discussion. It was established that the use of therapy for mycotoxicosis of animals based on antitoxic serum in white rats neutralized the effect of T-2 toxin. When evaluating the protective, preventive and therapeutic effectiveness, it was revealed that preventive therapy is preferable.
The yield of spring wheat when using biological preparations
UDC: 633.11
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Galina I. Pashkova;
Introduction. Cultivation technology of agricultural crops, including spring wheat, does not exclude the use of various preparations. Today, biological preparations are becoming more popular among farmers. Biopreparations do not harm the environment. The purpose of the research is to identify the effect of biological preparations on the condition of crops and the formation of spring wheat productivity. Materials and methods. To study the effect of biologicals on the yield of spring wheat, studies were conducted at the experimental field of the Mari State University in 2018 and 2020. The following biological preparations were used in the experiment: Bioagro-BF, Flavobacterin, Rizoplan. During the grain filling, the infestation of spring wheat crops with leaf rust was determined. Research results, discussion. The studies have shown that foliar treatment of spring wheat crops with biopreparations affects the condition of plants. Thus, in the variants with the use of biologicals, the infestation of plants with leaf rust was lower. The number of green leaves involved in photosynthesis was significantly higher in variants where, during the growing season of spring wheat, crops were treated with biologicals compared to the control. The grain yield of spring wheat was higher in the variants with the use of biological preparations by 0.06‒0.22 t/ha compared to the control. The highest grain yield of spring wheat, according to the results of two-year studies, was obtained with the use of the Bioagro-BF drug and amounted to 3.25 t/ha, which is 0.22 t/ha higher than the control. Conclusion. It was revealed that the use of biological preparations had a positive effect on spring wheat crops. A higher grain yield of spring wheat was obtained on average over two years of research using the Bioagro-BF biopreparation and amounted to 3.25 t/ha. At the same time, the yield was higher than the control variant by 0.22 t/ha.
Testing of semi-finished poultry meat products for functional nutrition, enriched with choline
UDC: 637.54,637.072,637.041,637.5.04/.07
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Oleg Yu. Petrov; Natalia I. Kulmakova; Nadezhda N. Kuzmina; Inna P. Petukhova;
Introduction. Poultry meat products are quite popular in Russia. Poultry meat is a convenient raw material for the production of products for a healthy diet, it is environmentally friendly and safe. In recent years, it has been relevant to provide the consumer market with functional products. Due to violations of the nutritional structure of the population, products containing functional ingredients are especially important, and choline can act as such an additive. It is considered a vitamin-like substance with a number of important physiological functions in the human body. In this regard, the evaluation of functional semi-finished products, enriched with choline acetate was carried out. The purpose of the research was to develop functional semi-finished products from broiler chicken meat enriched with choline. Materials and methods. The object of the experiments was a chopped semi-finished product ‒ cutlets with the addition of the functional ingredient choline acetate in an amount of 0.5 % by weight of the main raw material, in excess of the formulation. Minced semi-finished products “Stolichnye Cutlets” from meat of broiler chickens were taken as a control. Research results, discussion. The addition of choline to the formulation of chopped semi-finished products did not have a significant and reliable effect on the chemical composition of meat products. In the experimental samples, the ratio of fat : protein; moisture : protein and moisture : fat met the requirements of the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Sciences for meat products, but a slight and statistically unreliable decrease in the yield of the finished product compared to the control was revealed. According to the results of the tasting assessment, the samples of cutlets with choline exceed the control ones in most parameters, which indicated some positive effect of the drug on the organoleptic properties of the prototypes. Conclusion. The obtained research results showed that the use of a functional additive in experimental samples did not reduce the qualities of the product taken as a basis, and their consumer properties met the requirements for these products.
The effectiveness of gamma-inactivated culture to provoke latent forms of brucellosis
UDC: 619:616.981.42.576.807.7
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Gulnara M. Safina; Maxim A. Kosarev; Yana A. Bogova; Nasibullin Ramil Yu.;
Given the widespread occurrence of brucellosis, zoonosis, caused by intracellular facultative bacteria of the genus Brucella, the search for environmentally friendly diagnostic drugs is becoming an important scientific task. The need to develop innovative, environmentally friendly diagnostic methods to improve the control and prevention of the spread of brucellosis is emphasized. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of a new method for the diagnosis of brucellosis, which makes it possible to accurately identify hidden forms of infection in animals. This has the potential to significantly improve the control and prevention of brucellosis in the agricultural sector, reducing economic losses and threats to public health. The use of an inactivated culture can provide a safer and more effective approach to vaccination, reducing the risk of infection and increasing the effectiveness of the immune response in animals. The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of different doses of a gamma-inactivated culture of the B. abortus strain on guinea pigs in order to determine their infectious status. We have found that the optimal immunizing dose of 30 billion m. k. allows one to effectively identify infected animals without causing false-positive results in healthy animals. It was experimentally proven that after vaccination, serological reactions with a single brucellosis antigen remained negative; this fact confirms the potential of the culture we studied in the development of accurate methods for diagnosing brucellosis. Conclusion. This discovery could significantly improve the control and prevention of brucellosis in the agricultural industry, offering a new approach to detecting and treating this common disease.
Veterinary and sanitary assessment of broiler chicken meat when using the feed additive “Butofan”
UDC: 619:616-07:616.4
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergey Yu. Smolentsev; Leysan F. Yakupova; Galiya R. Yusupova; Denis V. Ezhkov ;
Introduction. The development of poultry production is associated with high productivity and growth rate of broilers, as well as their excellent digestibility of feed at low production costs. In addition, poultry meat is the most affordable and recommended by nutritionists in all countries. Russia has been self-sufficient in poultry meat for more than two years, exceeding 100 % of the demand for this product. Materials and methods. The study of the effect of the immunostimulating feed additive “Butofan” on the body of birds was carried out on the basis of the farm of Alimchuyeva Z. Sh. Medvedevsky district of the Republic of Mari El. For this purpose, three analogue groups of broiler chickens of the Ross 308 cross were formed.
To determine the most effective dose of the substance, the first experimental group received 200 g/t of water, the second group ‒ 300 g/t of water, and the third group served as a control. Results and discussion. In the first week, there was an excess of the average daily gain of the 1st experimental group over the control group by 25.13 %. Then, by the 25th day, a positive growth of 26.40 % was recorded in the same group. By the end of the seventh week, that is, by the 35th day, both experimental groups significantly exceeded the control in terms of average daily growth. The safety of poultry population over the entire growing period in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was 100 % and 95 %, respectively, while in the control group the safety was 92 %. Conclusion. Based on comprehensive studies, it can be concluded that the meat of broiler chickens grown using the “Butofan” feed additive in a dose of up to 300 g/t of water is of high quality and safe. Therefore, this additive can be used without restrictions.
Assessment of hematological indicators of laying hens with combined mycotoxicosis with the use of the feed additive “Galluasorb”
UDC: 619:615.9:636.5
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Evgeniya Yu. Tarasova; Matrosova Lilia E. ;
Introduction. In recent years, the problem of simultaneous multiple contamination with mycotoxins with different toxicological and biological properties has become acute. The pathogenesis of the combined effects of mycotoxins, especially in high doses, has not been sufficiently studied; complex means of prevention are presented in limited quantities. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to assess the hematological parameters of laying hens with combined mycotoxicosis using the feed additive “Galluasorb” developed at the Federal State Budgetary Institution “FCTRB-VNIVI”. Materials and methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of the feed additive, 4 groups of laying hens were formed, 10 birds each. The birds of the first group received food free of mycotoxins. The second group of chickens served as a toxic control (the feed was contaminated with a mixture of mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1 ‒ 3.3 mg/kg, T-2 toxin ‒ 2.5 mg/kg and zearalenone ‒
1.7 mg/kg of feed). The third group received a basic diet contaminated with a mixture of mycotoxins with the addition of a feed additive at a dose of 0.25% of the diet. The fourth group received the main diet mixed with a feed additive at a dose of 0.25% of the diet. On day 21, the chickens were slaughtered, organ weight measurements and hematological studies were performed. Research results. After a three-week period of adding a mixture of toxins to the diet, the absolute weight of the liver, kidneys and spleen increased by 21.42 % (p<0.001), 18.50 % (p<0.001), 22.30% (p<0.001), and the thymus decreased by 11.89 % (p<0.01). The weight of organs in the group with the inclusion of a feed additive in the diet did not differ significantly from the weight of organs in the biological control group. In the group receiving food contaminated with mycotoxins, there was a significant decrease in the number of red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocytes and an increase in the number of platelets compared to the control group, which was fed the basal diet. The developed feed additive stabilized blood counts. The addition of “Galluasorb” to the toxic diet had a positive effect on the levels of all parameters analyzed.